ArticleBMC public health2008
Investigating socio-economic-demographic determinants of tobacco use in Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
Article in BMC public health, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed.
- Profiling genetic mutations in the DNA damage repair genes of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients from Pakistan.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The FRESHAIR4Life study: Global implementation research on non-communicable disease prevention targeting adolescents' exposure to tobacco and air pollution in disadvantaged populations.NPJ primary care respiratory medicine · 2024Review
- A gender-specific assessment of tobacco use risk factors: evidence from the latest Pakistan demographic and health survey.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Article
- An Intertemporal Analysis of Post-FCTC Era Household Tobacco Consumption in Pakistan.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
- Socio-economic determinants of smoking among Iraqi adults: Data from Non-Communicable Risk Factor STEPS survey 2015.PloS one · 2017Article
- Article
- Investigating male tobacco use and expenditure patterns across socio-economic groups in Nigeria.PloS one · 2015Article
- Adult tobacco use practice and its correlates in eastern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study.Harm reduction journal · 2013Article
- Prevalence and sociodemographic determinants of tobacco use among adults in Pakistan: findings of a nationwide survey conducted in 2012.Population health metrics · 2013Article
- TB patients learning about second hand smoke (TBLASS): a pilot individual randomised controlled trial.SpringerPlus · 2013Article
- Great inclination to smoke among younger adults coming from low-socioeconomic class in Thailand.International archives of medicine · 2011Article
- Epidemiology of Cigarette and Smokeless Tobacco Use among South Asian Immigrants in the Northeastern United States.Journal of oncology · 2011Article
- The state of indoor air quality in Pakistan--a review.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2010Review
- The burden of stroke and transient ischemic attack in Pakistan: a community-based prevalence study.BMC neurology · 2009Article
- Article
- An overview of smoking practices in Pakistan.Pakistan journal of medical sciencesReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTo investigate the socio-economic and demographic determinants of tobacco use in Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
methodsCross sectional survey of households (population based) with 2018 respondent (1038 Rural; 980 Urban) was carried out in Rawalpindi (Pakistan) and included males and females 18-65 years of age. Main outcome measure was self reported daily tobacco use.
resultsOverall 16.5% of the study population (33% men and 4.7% women) used tobacco on a daily basis. Modes of tobacco use included cigarette smoking (68.5%), oral tobacco (13.5%), hukka (12%) and cigarette smoking plus oral tobacco (6%). Among those not using tobacco products, 56% were exposed to Environmental tobacco smoke. The adjusted odds ratio of tobacco use for rural residence compared to urban residence was 1.49 (95% CI 1.1 2.0, p value 0.01) and being male as compared to female 12.6 (8.8 18.0, p value 0.001). Illiteracy was significantly associated with tobacco use. Population attributable percentage of tobacco use increases steadily as the gap between no formal Education and level of education widens.
conclusionThere was a positive association between tobacco use and rural area of residence, male gender and low education levels. Low education could be a proxy for low awareness and consumer information on tobacco products. As Public health practitioners we should inform the general public especially the illiterate about the adverse health consequences of tobacco use. Counter advertisement for tobacco use, through mass media particularly radio and television, emphasizing the harmful effects of tobacco on human health is very much needed.
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