ArticleBritish journal of cancer2008
Population mixing, socioeconomic status and incidence of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in England and Wales: analysis by census ward.
Article in British journal of cancer, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Low socioeconomic status is associated with worse survival in children with cancer: a systematic review.PloS one · 2014Pooled it
- An examination, with a meta-analysis, of studies of childhood leukaemia in relation to population mixing.British journal of cancer · 2012Pooled it
- Association of population mixing and acute lymphocytic leukemia in children and young adults.Cancer epidemiology · 2020Article
- The Association Between Childhood Leukemia and Population Mixing: An Artifact of Focusing on Clusters?Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2019Article
- Childhood cancer research in Oxford II: The Childhood Cancer Research Group.British journal of cancer · 2018Article
- Childhood cancer research in oxford III: The work of CCRG on ionising radiation.British journal of cancer · 2018Article
- A causal mechanism for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2018Review
- Advances in B-cell Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Genomics.HemaSphere · 2018Review
- Background gamma radiation and childhood cancer in Germany: an ecological study.Radiation and environmental biophysics · 2017Article
- Temporal association between childhood leukaemia and population growth in Swiss municipalities.European journal of epidemiology · 2016Article
- Population mixing and the risk of childhood leukaemia in Switzerland: a census-based cohort study.European journal of epidemiology · 2015Article
- Socioeconomic Status and Childhood Leukemia Incidence in Switzerland.Frontiers in oncology · 2015Article
- Population mixing for leukaemia, lymphoma and CNS tumours in teenagers and young adults in England, 1996-2005.BMC cancer · 2014Article
- Constitutional and somatic rearrangement of chromosome 21 in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.Nature · 2014Article
- Evidence for under-diagnosis of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in poorer communities within Great Britain.British journal of cancer · 2012Article
- Childhood leukaemia and socioeconomic status in England and Wales 1976-2005: evidence of higher incidence in relatively affluent communities persists over time.British journal of cancer · 2011Article
- Childhood cancer registration in Britain: capture-recapture estimates of completeness of ascertainment.British journal of cancer · 2011Article
- Family characteristics as risk factors for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a population-based case-control study.PloS one · 2010Article
- Re: 'Population mixing, socio-economic status and incidence of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in England and Wales--analysis by census ward' and 'Childhood leukaemia and population movements in France, 1990-2003'.British journal of cancer · 2008Article
- Biological Entanglement-Like Effect After Communication of Fish Prior to X-Ray Exposure.Dose-response : a publication of International Hormesis SocietyArticle
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Abstract
In this population-based study of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) diagnosed among children aged under 15 years in England and Wales during 1986-1995, we analysed incidence at census ward level in relation to a range of variables from the 1991 census, which could be relevant to theories of infectious aetiology. 'Population-mixing' measures, used as surrogates for quantity and diversity of infections entering the community, were calculated from census data on the origins and destinations of migrants in the year before the census. Incidence at ages 1-4 years tended independently to be higher in rural wards, to increase with the diversity of origin wards from which in-migrants had moved during the year before the census, and to be lower in the most deprived areas as categorised by the Carstairs index. This last association was much weaker when urban/rural status and in-migrants' diversity were allowed for. There was no evidence of association with population mixing or deprivation for ALL diagnosed at ages 0 or 5-14 years. The apparent specificity to the young childhood age group suggests that these associations are particularly marked for precursor B-cell ALL, with the disease more likely to occur when delayed exposure to infection leads to increased immunological stress, as predicted by Greaves. The association with diversity of incomers, especially in rural areas, is also consistent with the higher incidence of leukaemia predicted by Kinlen, where population mixing results in below average herd immunity to an infectious agent.
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