ArticleJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2008
IL-13-mediated gender difference in susceptibility to autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
Article in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Retinal optical coherence tomography measures in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Interleukin 13 signaling modulates dopaminergic functions and nicotine reward in rodents.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Spotlight on amino acid changing mutations in the JAK-STAT pathway: from disease-specific mutation to general mutation databases.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Immune regulation based on sex differences in ischemic stroke pathology.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Immune Cell Contributors to the Female Sex Bias in Multiple Sclerosis and Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2023Article
- Interleukin 13 on Microglia is Neurotoxic in Lipopolysaccharide-injected StriatumExperimental neurobiology · 2022Article
- Effects of biological sex and pregnancy in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: It's complicated.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- The role of sex-differentiated variations in stress hormones, antioxidants, and neuroimmune responses in relation to social interaction impairment in a rodent model of autism.Metabolic brain disease · 2021Article
- SeXX Matters in Multiple Sclerosis.Frontiers in neurology · 2020Review
- Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-13 Exacerbate Neurotoxicity of Prothrombin Kringle-2 in Cortex In Vivo via Oxidative Stress.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Article
- (Putative) sex differences in neuroimmune modulation of memory.Journal of neuroscience research · 2017Review
- Amelioration of EAE by a cryptic epitope of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein.Journal of neuroimmunology · 2016Article
- Neuroimmunology of the Interleukins 13 and 4.Brain sciences · 2016Article
- Cytokines pre-determined by genetic factors are involved in pathogenesis of Rheumatoid arthritis.Cytokine · 2015Article
- Absence of IFN-γ increases brain pathology in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis-susceptible DRB1*0301.DQ8 HLA transgenic mice through secretion of proinflammatory cytokine IL-17 and induction of pathogenic monocytes/microglia into the central nervous system.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2014Article
- Conditional ablation of astroglial CCL2 suppresses CNS accumulation of M1 macrophages and preserves axons in mice with MOG peptide EAE.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2014Article
- IL-13Rα1 is a surface marker for M2 macrophages influencing their differentiation and function.European journal of immunology · 2014Article
- Sex-specific differences in retinal nerve fiber layer thinning after acute optic neuritis.Neurology · 2012Article
- Gender effect on neurodegeneration and myelin markers in an animal model for multiple sclerosis.BMC neuroscience · 2012Article
- Augmentation of regulatory B cell activity in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by glatiramer acetate.Journal of neuroimmunology · 2011Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Females tend to have stronger Th1-mediated immune responses and are more prone to develop autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis. Macrophages are major effector cells capable of mediating or modulating immune responses in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). IL-13 and estrogen have opposing roles on macrophages (the former enhancing and the latter inhibiting) in terms of MHC class II (MHC II) up-regulation and, thus, these factors might influence susceptibility to EAE differently in females vs males. In accordance with this hypothesis, females lacking IL-13 displayed lower incidence and milder EAE disease severity than males after immunization with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-35-55 peptide/CFA/pertussis toxin. Female IL-13 knockout (KO) mice with EAE consistently had reduced infiltration of CD11b(+) macrophages in the CNS along with significantly reduced expression of MHC II on these cells. Impaired MHC II expression was further corroborated upon LPS stimulation of female but not male bone marrow-derived CD11b(+) macrophages from IL-13KO mice, with restored expression after IL-13 pretreatment of female but not male macrophages. APCs from IL-13KO females induced less proliferation by MOG-35-55-reactive T cells, and splenocytes from MOG peptide-immunized females had lower expression of IL-12, IFN-gamma, MIP-2, and IFN-gamma-inducible protein 10 than males. In contrast, these splenocytes had higher expression of anti-inflammatory factors, IL-10, TGF-beta1, and FoxP3, a cytokine pattern typical of regulatory type II monocytes. These data suggest that the difference in EAE susceptibility in females is strongly influenced by gender-specific proinflammatory effects of IL-13, mediated in part through up-regulation of Th1-inducing cytokines and MHC II on CD11b(+) macrophages.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.