ArticleJournal of bacteriology2008
A new model of pneumococcal lipoteichoic acid structure resolves biochemical, biosynthetic, and serologic inconsistencies of the current model.
Article in Journal of bacteriology, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 85 citations in OpenAlex.
- Low invasiveness of pneumococcal serotype 11A is linked to ficolin-2 recognition of O-acetylated capsule epitopes and lectin complement pathway activation.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2014Pooled it
- Mechanistic basis of teichoic acid transport by a gatekeeper flippase.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Structure, Function, and Regulation of LytA: TheMicroorganisms · 2025Review
- Proteome-wide bioinformatic annotation and functional validation of the monotopic phosphoglycosyl transferase superfamily.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- O-glycosylation of IgA1 and the pathogenesis of an autoimmune disease IgA nephropathy.Glycobiology · 2024Review
- Proteome-Wide Bioinformatic Annotation and Functional Validation of the Monotopic Phosphoglycosyl Transferase Superfamily.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Lipoteichoic acids influence cell shape and bacterial division of Streptococcus suis serotype 2, but play a limited role in the pathogenesis of the infection.Veterinary research · 2024Article
- Preparation and Structural Analysis of Lipoteichoic Acid on Cell Membranes Derived from Lactic Acid Bacteria.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024Article
- Are tumor-associated carbohydrates the missing link between the gut microbiome and response to immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment in cancer?Oncoimmunology · 2024Article
- Competence remodels the pneumococcal cell wall exposing key surface virulence factors that mediate increased host adherence.PLoS biology · 2023Article
- How Streptococcus suis escapes antibiotic treatments.Veterinary research · 2022Review
- Phosphorylcholine esterase is critical for Dolichos biflorus and Helix pomatia agglutinin binding to pneumococcal teichoic acid.Journal of basic microbiology · 2020Article
- Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis in Mitis Group Streptococci via Host Metabolite Scavenging.Journal of bacteriology · 2019Article
- Serotype-Independent Protection Against Invasive Pneumococcal Infections Conferred by Live Vaccine WithFrontiers in immunology · 2019Article
- Structural and functional studies of Spr1654: an essential aminotransferase in teichoic acid biosynthesis inOpen biology · 2018Article
- Staphylococcal LTA antagonizes the B cell-mitogenic potential of LPS.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Fluorescence Imaging ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2017Article
- C-type Lectin Mincle Recognizes Glucosyl-diacylglycerol of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Plays a Protective Role in Pneumococcal Pneumonia.PLoS pathogens · 2016Article
- Choline Binding Proteins from Streptococcus pneumoniae: A Dual Role as Enzybiotics and Targets for the Design of New Antimicrobials.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2016Review
- Structural diversity and biological significance of lipoteichoic acid in Gram-positive bacteria: focusing on beneficial probiotic lactic acid bacteria.Bioscience of microbiota, food and health · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is an essential bacterial membrane polysaccharide (cell wall component) that is attached to the membrane via a lipid anchor. According to the currently accepted structure of pneumococcal LTA, the polysaccharide is comprised of several repeating units, each of which starts with glucose and ends with ribitol, with the lipid anchor predicted to be Glc(beta1-->3)AATGal(beta1-->3)Glc(alpha1-->3)-acyl(2)Gro, where AATGal is 2-acetamido-4-amino-2,4,6-trideoxy-D-galactose. However, this lipid anchor has not been detected in pneumococcal membranes. Furthermore, the currently accepted structure does not explain the Forssman antigen properties of LTA and predicts a molecular weight for LTA that is larger than its actual observed molecular weight. To resolve these problems, we used mass spectrometry to analyze the structure of LTA isolated from several pneumococcal strains. Our study found that the R36A pneumococcal strain produces LTA that is more representative of pneumococci than that previously characterized from the R6 strain. Analysis of LTA fragments obtained after hydrofluoric acid and nitrous treatments showed that the fragments were consistent with an LTA nonreducing terminus consisting of GalNAc(alpha1-->3)GalNAc(beta1-->, which is the minimal structure for the Forssman antigen. Based on these data, we propose a revised model of LTA structure: its polysaccharide repeating unit begins with GalNAc and ends with AATGal, and its lipid anchor is Glc(alpha1-->3)-acyl(2)Gro, a common lipid anchor found in pneumococcal membranes. This new model accurately predicts the observed molecular weights. The revised model should facilitate investigation of the relationship between LTA's structure and its function.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.