ReviewMolecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.)
Functional consequences of toll-like receptor 4 polymorphisms.
Review in Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.). The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 131 papers, 13 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
131 citing papers in PubMed, 13 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 255 citations in OpenAlex.
- Host genetic factors modulating dengue virus: a systematic review of TLR polymorphisms.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Pooled it
- Toll-like receptors polymorphisms and COVID-19: a systematic review.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2025Pooled it
- Gene variants associated with acne vulgaris presentation and severity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC medical genomics · 2021Pooled it
- Association of Toll-like 4 receptor gene polymorphism (rs4986790, rs4986791) with the risk of urinary tract infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis.The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences · 2020Pooled it
- Association of TLR4 (896A/G and 1196C/T) Gene Polymorphisms with Asthma Risk: A Meta-Analysis.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2015Pooled it
- Toll-like receptor 4 Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile polymorphisms: New data and a meta-analysis.BMC gastroenterology · 2014Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Association between TLR4 (+896A/G and +1196C/T) polymorphisms and gastric cancer risk: an updated meta-analysis.PloS one · 2014Pooled it
- Toll-like receptor (TLR) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) polymorphisms and periodontitis susceptibility: a meta-analysis.Molecular biology reports · 2013Pooled it
- Toll-like receptor 4 D299G polymorphism in metabolic disorders: a meta-analysis.Molecular biology reports · 2013Pooled it
- The role of TLR4 896 A>G and 1196 C>T in susceptibility to infections: a review and meta-analysis of genetic association studies.PloS one · 2013Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Influence of TLR4 rs1927907 locus polymorphisms on tacrolimus pharmacokinetics in the early stage after liver transplantation.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2014Trial
- Novel structural features in Candida albicans hyphal glucan provide a basis for differential innate immune recognition of hyphae versus yeast.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2014Trial
- A single nucleotide polymorphism in 3'-untranslated region contributes to the regulation of Toll-like receptor 4 translation.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2012Trial
- When Genes Meet Gels: Computational Immunogenetics of Dermal Fillers and Stratified Risk of Immune and Fibrotic Reactions across Compositions and Genotypes.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2026Article
- Is necrotizing enterocolitis associated with the 896A/G polymorphism in the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) gene?Arquivos brasileiros de cirurgia digestiva : ABCD = Brazilian archives of digestive surgery · 2026Article
- Article
- Oxylipins as canine sepsis indicators in vivo and in ex vivo skin organ culture model.Scientific reports · 2025Article
71 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is an important pathogen recognition receptor that recognizes mainly lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Gram-negative bacteria, but also structures from fungal and mycobacterial pathogens, as well as endogenous ligands. Two nonsynonymous polymorphisms of TLR4, Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile, have been suggested to alter the function of the receptor. Some, but not all, studies have proposed that these polymorphisms lead to reduced cytokine response and increased susceptibility to Gram-negative infections. In this review, we compare studies that assessed the effect of the Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile polymorphisms on susceptibility to Gram-negative infections and examine the phenotypic consequences of these polymorphisms. In addition, we review the geographical distribution of TLR4 polymorphisms and present a model for evolutionary pressures on the TLR4 genetic make-up.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.