ArticleBMJ (Clinical research ed.)2008
Inequalities in mortality during and after restructuring of the New Zealand economy: repeated cohort studies.
Article in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Socioeconomic differences in alcohol-attributable mortality compared with all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of epidemiology · 2014Pooled it
- Socioeconomic disparities and health: impacts and pathways.Journal of epidemiology · 2012Pooled it
- Trends in Socioeconomic Inequalities in the Prevalence of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases in China: Evidence from Shaanxi Province During 2003-2013.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Educational inequalities in all-cause and cause-specific mortality in Japan: national census-linked mortality data for 2010-15.International journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Tracing the origins of midlife despair: association of psychopathology during adolescence with a syndrome of despair-related maladies at midlife.Psychological medicine · 2023Article
- Social inequalities in all-cause mortality among adults with multimorbidity: a 10-year prospective study of 0.5 million Chinese adults.International health · 2023Article
- Spatio-Temporal Variation of Lung Cancer in Crete, 1992-2013. Economic or Health Crisis?International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Educational inequalities in suicide in the highly volatile economy of Argentina.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2021Article
- Welfare Chauvinism, Populist Radical Right Parties and Health Inequalities Comment on "A Scoping Review of Populist Radical Right Parties' Influence on Welfare Policy and its Implications for Population Health in Europe".International journal of health policy and management · 2021Article
- Deaths of despair: cause-specific mortality and socioeconomic inequalities in cause-specific mortality among young men in Scotland.International journal for equity in health · 2020Article
- Social policies and change in education-related disparities in mortality in Japan, 2000-2010.SSM - population health · 2020Article
- Changing social inequalities in smoking, obesity and cause-specific mortality: Cross-national comparisons using compass typology.PloS one · 2020Article
- Socioeconomic inequalities in the prevalence of chronic diseases and preventive care among adults aged 45 and older in Shaanxi Province, China.BMC public health · 2019Article
- Stable socioeconomic inequalities in ischaemic heart disease mortality during the economic crisis: a time trend analysis in 2 Spanish settings.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2019Article
- Article
- Changing ethnic inequalities in mortality in New Zealand over 30 years: linked cohort studies with 68.9 million person-years of follow-up.Population health metrics · 2017Article
- Inequalities in mental health and well-being in a time of austerity: Baseline findings from the Stockton-on-Tees cohort study.SSM - population health · 2016Article
- Effects of socioeconomic status on physical and mental health of hemodialysis patients in Japan: differences by age, period, and cohort.International journal of nephrology and renovascular disease · 2016Article
- Occupational class differences in suicide: evidence of changes over time and during the global financial crisis in Australia.BMC psychiatry · 2015Article
- Neonatal Mortality and Inequalities in Bangladesh: Differential Progress and Sub-national Developments.Maternal and child health journal · 2015Article
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3 authors.
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Abstract
objectivesTo determine whether disparities between income and mortality changed during a period of major structural and macroeconomic reform and to estimate the changing contribution of different diseases to these disparities.
designRepeated cohort studies. DATA SOURCES: 1981, 1986, 1991, 1996, and 2001 censuses linked to mortality data. Population Total New Zealand population, ages 1-74 years.
methodsMortality rates standardised for age and ethnicity were calculated for each census cohort by level of household income. Standardised rate differences and rate ratios, and slope and relative indices of inequality (SII and RII), were calculated to measure disparities on both absolute and relative scales.
resultsAll cause mortality rates declined over the 25 year study period in all groups stratified by sex, age, and income, except for 25-44 year olds of both sexes on low incomes among whom there was little change. In all age groups pooled, relative inequalities increased from 1981-4 to 1996-9 (RIIs increased from 1.85 (95% confidence interval 1.67 to 2.04) to 2.54 (2.29 to 2.82) for males and from 1.54 (1.35 to 1.76) to 2.12 (1.88 to 2.39) for females), then stabilised in 2001-4 (RIIs of 2.60 (2.34 to 2.89) and 2.18 (1.93 to 2.45), respectively). Absolute inequalities were stable over time, with a possible fall from 1996-9 to 2001-4. Cardiovascular disease was the major contributor to the observed disparities between income and mortality but decreased in importance from 45% in 1981-4 to 33% in 2001-4 for males and from 50% to 29% for females. The corresponding contribution of cancer increased from 16% to 22% for males and from 12% to 25% for females.
conclusionsDuring and after restructuring of the economy disparities in mortality between income groups in New Zealand increased in relative terms (but not in absolute terms), but it is difficult to confidently draw a causal link with structural reforms. The contribution of different causes of death to this inequality changed over time, indicating a need to re-prioritise health policy accordingly.
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