ArticleImmunology2008
Cigarette smoke increases Toll-like receptor 4 and modifies lipopolysaccharide-mediated responses in airway epithelial cells.
Article in Immunology, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 96 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
96 citing papers in PubMed, 204 citations in OpenAlex.
- Maturation of innate responses to mycobacteria over the first nine months of life.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2014Trial
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- Inflammation and Immune Dysregulation Across Respiratory Diseases: From Cellular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Targets.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Review
- Convergent death programs in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: how pyroptotic and ferroptotic crosstalk reshapes therapeutic paradigms.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Impact of absent in melanoma 2 on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma development.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2025Article
- Aged Garlic Extract and Its Bioactive Molecules S-Allyl-Cysteine and S1-Propenyl-Cysteine: A Review Focusing on Evidences Supporting Their Use for Mitigating the Effects of Cigarette Smoking.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Local and systemic effects in e-cigarette users compared to cigarette smokers, dual users, and non-smokers.Respiratory research · 2025Article
- Cell death crosstalk in respiratory diseases: unveiling the relationship between pyroptosis and ferroptosis in asthma and COPD.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2025Review
- MAP2K1 dampens cigarette smoke-induced inflammation via suppression of type I interferon pathway activation.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2024Article
- Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in Pediatric Asthma's Evolution and Management.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Premalignant Progression in the Lung: Knowledge Gaps and Novel Opportunities for Interception of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. An Official American Thoracic Society Research Statement.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2024Review
- From Pathogenesis to Treatment: Targeting Type-2 Inflammation in Eosinophilic Esophagitis.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Tyndallized bacteria prime bronchial epithelial cells to mount an effective innate immune response against infections.Human cell · 2024Article
- Pulmonary toxicity assessment of polypropylene, polystyrene, and polyethylene microplastic fragments in mice.Toxicological research · 2024Article
- Effect of different forms of tobacco on the oral microbiome in healthy adults: a systematic review.Frontiers in oral health · 2024Review
- Article
- Revealing the regulation of allergic asthma airway epithelial cell inflammation by STEAP4 targeting MIF through machine learning algorithms and single-cell sequencing analysis.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2024Article
- Effects of condensates from volcanic fumaroles and cigarette smoke extracts on airway epithelial cells.Human cell · 2023Article
- Oxidative Stress, Environmental Pollution, and Lifestyle as Determinants of Asthma in Children.Biology · 2023Review
- When the allergy alarm bells toll: The role of Toll-like receptors in allergic diseases and treatment.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2023Review
36 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Airway epithelium is emerging as a regulator of innate immune responses to a variety of insults including cigarette smoke. The main goal of this study was to explore the effects of cigarette smoke extracts (CSE) on Toll-like receptor (TLR) expression and activation in a human bronchial epithelial cell line (16-HBE). The CSE increased the expression of TLR4 and the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) binding, the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation, the release of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and the chemotactic activity toward neutrophils. It did not induce TLR2 expression or extracellular signal-regulated signal kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) activation. The LPS increased the expression of TLR4 and induced both NF-kappaB and ERK1/2 activation. The combined exposure of 16-HBE to CSE and LPS was associated with ERK activation rather than NF-kappaB activation and with a further increase of IL-8 release and of chemotactic activity toward neutrophils. Furthermore, CSE decreased the constitutive interferon-inducible protein-10 (IP-10) release and counteracted the effect of LPS in inducing both the IP-10 release and the chemotactic activity toward lymphocytes. In conclusion, cigarette smoke, by altering the expression and the activation of TLR4 via the preferential release of IL-8, may contribute to the accumulation of neutrophils within the airways of smokers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.