ArticleImmunogenetics2008
Evolutionarily conserved and divergent regions of the autoimmune regulator (Aire) gene: a comparative analysis.
Article in Immunogenetics, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Article
- The Autoimmune Regulator (AIRE) Gene, The Master Activator of Self-Antigen Expression in the Thymus.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025Review
- A novel missense mutation in the AIRE gene underlying autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1.Immunogenetics · 2024Article
- Novel Insights into the Autoimmunity from the Genetic Approach of the Human Disease.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024Article
- Extrathymic AIRE-Expressing Cells: A Historical Perspective.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024Article
- Aire drives steroid hormone biosynthesis by medullary thymic epithelial cells.Science immunology · 2023Article
- The amphibian immune system.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2023Review
- Review
- Review
- AIRE in context: Leveraging chromatin plasticity to trigger ectopic gene expression.Immunological reviews · 2022Review
- A cold-blooded view of adaptive immunity.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2018Review
- Dominant-negative loss of function arises from a second, more frequent variant within the SAND domain of autoimmune regulator (AIRE).Journal of autoimmunity · 2018Article
- Twenty Years of AIRE.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- Microbiota and mucosal immunity in amphibians.Frontiers in immunology · 2015Review
- AIRE acetylation and deacetylation: effect on protein stability and transactivation activity.Journal of biomedical science · 2014Article
- Aire's plant homeodomain(PHD)-2 is critical for induction of immunological tolerance.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2013Article
- AIRE-PHD fingers are structural hubs to maintain the integrity of chromatin-associated interactome.Nucleic acids research · 2012Article
- The genus Xenopus as a multispecies model for evolutionary and comparative immunobiology of the 21st century.Developmental and comparative immunology · 2011Review
- Remarkable conservation of distinct nonclassical MHC class I lineages in divergent amphibian species.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2011Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
During T cell differentiation, medullary thymic epithelial cells (MTEC) expose developing T cells to tissue-specific antigens. MTEC expression of such self-antigens requires the transcription factor autoimmune regulator (Aire). In mammals, defects in aire result in multi-tissue, T cell-mediated autoimmunity. Because the T cell receptor repertoire is randomly generated and extremely diverse in all jawed vertebrates, it is likely that an aire-dependent T cell tolerance mechanism also exists in nonmammalian vertebrates. We have isolated aire genes from animals in all gnathostome classes except the cartilaginous fish by a combination of molecular techniques and scanning of expressed sequence tags and genomic databases. The deduced amino acid sequences of Aire were compared among mouse, human, opossum, chicken, Xenopus, zebrafish, and pufferfish. The first of two plant homeodomains (PHD) in human Aire and regions associated with nuclear and cytoplasmic localization are evolutionarily conserved, while other domains are either absent or divergent in one or more vertebrate classes. Furthermore, the second zinc-binding domain previously named Aire PHD2 appears to have greater sequence similarity with Ring finger domains than to PHD domains. Point mutations in defective human aire genes are generally found in the most evolutionarily conserved regions of the protein. These findings reveal a very rapid evolution of certain regions of aire during vertebrate evolution and support the existence of an aire-dependent mechanism of T cell tolerance dating back at least to the emergence of bony fish.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.