ArticlePloS one2008
Conditional immortalization of human B cells by CD40 ligation.
Article in PloS one, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed.
- Presentation of an immunodominant immediate-early CD8+ T cell epitope resists human cytomegalovirus immunoevasion.PLoS pathogens · 2013Trial
- Artificial intelligence advancements in monoclonal antibody development technology.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Alternative splicing in the RBMXL1 5'-UTR induces uORF-mediated translation control in activated B lymphocytes.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Microbead-based synthetic niches for in vitro expansion and differentiation of human naïve B-cells.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2025Article
- Entry into the lytic cycle exposes EBV-infected cells to NK cell killing via upregulation of the MICB ligand for NKG2D and activation of the CD56Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Article
- The Research Progress on Immortalization of Human B Cells.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- The Role of NK Cells in EBV Infection and Related Diseases: Current Understanding and Hints for Novel Therapies.Cancers · 2023Review
- Accumulation of mutations in antibody and CD8 T cell epitopes in a B cell depleted lymphoma patient with chronic SARS-CoV-2 infection.Nature communications · 2022Article
- EBNA2-EBF1 complexes promote MYC expression and metabolic processes driving S-phase progression of Epstein-Barr virus-infected B cells.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- In Vitro and In Vivo Models of CLL-T Cell Interactions: Implications for Drug Testing.Cancers · 2022Review
- Article
- CMV seropositivity is a potential novel risk factor for severe COVID-19 in non-geriatric patients.PloS one · 2022Article
- Genome edited B cells: a new frontier in immune cell therapies.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2021Review
- Modulation of alternative splicing during early infection of human primary B lymphocytes with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV): a novel function for the viral EBNA-LP protein.Nucleic acids research · 2021Article
- Effective high-throughput isolation of fully human antibodies targeting infectious pathogens.Nature protocols · 2021Review
- Highly efficient CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene knockout in primary human B cells for functional genetic studies of Epstein-Barr virus infection.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- Article
- How Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus stably transforms peripheral B cells towards lymphomagenesis.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2019Article
- B Cell-Based Cancer Immunotherapy.Transfusion medicine and hemotherapy : offizielles Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Transfusionsmedizin und Immunhamatologie · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
It is generally assumed that human differentiated cells have a limited life-span and proliferation capacity in vivo, and that genetic modifications are a prerequisite for their immortalization in vitro. Here we readdress this issue, studying the long-term proliferation potential of human B cells. It was shown earlier that human B cells from peripheral blood of healthy donors can be efficiently induced to proliferate for up to ten weeks in vitro by stimulating their receptor CD40 in the presence of interleukin-4. When we applied the same stimuli under conditions of modified cell number and culture size, we were surprised to find that our treatment induced B cells to proliferate throughout an observation period of presently up to 1650 days, representing more than 370 population doublings, which suggested that these B cells were immortalized in vitro. Long-term CD40-stimulated B cell cultures could be established from most healthy adult human donors. These B cells had a constant phenotype, were free from Epstein-Barr virus, and remained dependent on CD40 ligation. They had constitutive telomerase activity and stabilized telomere length. Moreover, they were susceptible to activation by Toll-like receptor 9 ligands, and could be used to expand antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells in vitro. Our results indicate that human somatic cells can evade senescence and be conditionally immortalized by external stimulation only, without a requirement for genetic manipulation or oncoviral infection. Conditionally immortalized human B cells are a new tool for immunotherapy and studies of B cell oncogenesis, activation, and function.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.