ArticleCirculation2008
How much of the recent decline in the incidence of myocardial infarction in British men can be explained by changes in cardiovascular risk factors? Evidence from a prospective population-based study.
Article in Circulation, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 161 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of a gluten-reduced or gluten-free diet for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Long-Term Risk of Myocardial Infarction Compared to Recurrent Stroke After Transient Ischemic Attack and Ischemic Stroke: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2018Pooled it
- Enhanced motivational interviewing for reducing weight and increasing physical activity in adults with high cardiovascular risk: the MOVE IT three-arm RCT.Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2019Trial
- Factors Influencing Engagement, Perceived Usefulness and Behavioral Mechanisms Associated with a Text Message Support Program.PloS one · 2016Trial
- Trial
- Effect of tailored practice and patient care plans on secondary prevention of heart disease in general practice: cluster randomised controlled trial.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2009Trial
- Prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors in ethnic minority adults in plateau areas: a cross-sectional study in Yunnan Province.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Performance of the UK Prospective Diabetes Study Outcomes Model 2 in a Contemporary UK Type 2 Diabetes Trial Cohort.Value in health : the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research · 2022Article
- Long-term trends in population-based hospitalisation rates for myocardial infarction in England: a national database study of 3.5 million admissions, 1968-2016.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2022Article
- Evidence-based oral antiplatelet therapy among hospitalized Chinese patients with acute myocardial infarction: results from the Chinese acute myocardial infarction registry.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2021Observational
- Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Erythrocyte Membranes as Predictors of Lower Cardiovascular Risk in Adults without Previous Cardiovascular Events.Nutrients · 2021Article
- Sex disparities in cardiovascular health metrics among rural-dwelling older adults in China: a population-based study.BMC geriatrics · 2021Article
- MELD-Na score predicts incident major cardiovascular events, in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).Hepatology communications · 2017Article
- Comparing trends in mortality from cardiovascular disease and cancer in the United Kingdom, 1983-2013: joinpoint regression analysis.Population health metrics · 2017Article
- Epidemiology of coronary heart disease and acute coronary syndrome.Annals of translational medicine · 2016Review
- Fitness predicts long-term survival after a cardiovascular event: a prospective cohort study.BMJ open · 2015Article
- Continuous decline in mortality from coronary heart disease in Japan despite a continuous and marked rise in total cholesterol: Japanese experience after the Seven Countries Study.International journal of epidemiology · 2015Article
- Education to a Healthy Lifestyle Improves Symptoms and Cardiovascular Risk Factors - AsuRiesgo Study.Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia · 2015Article
- Benefits gained, benefits lost: comparing baby boomers to other generations in a longitudinal cohort study of self-rated health.The Milbank quarterly · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) in Britain has fallen markedly in recent years. Few studies have investigated the extent to which this decline can be explained by concurrent changes in major cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS AND
resultsThe British Regional Heart Study examined changes in cardiovascular risk factors and MI incidence over 25 years from 1978 in a cohort of 7735 men. During this time, the age-adjusted hazard of MI decreased by 3.8% (95% confidence interval 2.6% to 5.0%) per annum, which corresponds to a 62% decline over the 25 years. At the same time, after adjustment for age, cigarette smoking prevalence, mean systolic blood pressure, and mean non-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol decreased, whereas mean HDL cholesterol, mean body mass index, and physical activity levels rose. No significant change occurred in alcohol consumption. The fall in cigarette smoking explained the greatest part of the decline in MI incidence (23%), followed by changes in blood pressure (13%), HDL cholesterol (12%), and non-HDL cholesterol (10%). In combination, 46% (approximate 95% confidence interval 23% to 164%) of the decline in MI could be explained by these risk factor changes. Physical activity and alcohol consumption had little influence, whereas the increase in body mass index would have produced a rise in MI risk.
conclusionsModest favorable changes in the major cardiovascular risk factors appear to have contributed to considerable reductions in MI incidence. This highlights the potential value of population-wide measures to reduce exposure to these risk factors in the prevention of coronary heart disease.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.