ArticlePLoS genetics2008
Large-scale population study of human cell lines indicates that dosage compensation is virtually complete.
Article in PLoS genetics, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04815811 (Study of the Sex Differences in Inflammatory Diseases in Children), which is not on this map. Cited by 90 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Study of the Sex Differences in Inflammatory Diseases in Children
Who cites it
90 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Rare and low-frequency coding variants in CXCR2 and other genes are associated with hematological traits.Nature genetics · 2014Pooled it
- Mixed Evidence that Dosage Sensitive Genes Drive Global Dosage Compensation in Flour Beetles.Genome biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Is Oestradiol a Key Player in the Sex Differences in Innate Immunity Through Toll-like Receptor Activation?Cells · 2026Article
- Escape from X inactivation drives sex differences in gene expression.Molecular biology and evolution · 2026Article
- The X Factor in Immunity: Sex Differences Shaped by the X Chromosome.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Escape from X inactivation varies across genes and tissues and shapes sex-biased sex chromosome gene expression.BMC genomics · 2026Article
- X chromosome inactivation across primary human tissues is mostly complete, with significant implications for genetic and clinical studies.BMC genomics · 2025Article
- X-chromosome upregulation operates on a gene-by-gene basis at RNA and protein levels.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Role of X chromosome and dosage-compensation mechanisms in complex trait genetics.American journal of human genetics · 2025Article
- Expression Patterns of Escape Genes in Turner Syndrome Fibroblasts and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Sex-related immunity: could Toll-like receptors be the answer in acute inflammatory response?Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Unusual X chromosome inactivation maintenance in female alveolar type 2 cells is correlated with increased numbers of X-linked escape genes and sex-biased gene expression.Stem cell reports · 2023Article
- The human inactive X chromosome modulates expression of the active X chromosome.Cell genomics · 2023Article
- Escape from X-inactivation in twins exhibits intra- and inter-individual variability across tissues and is heritable.PLoS genetics · 2023Article
- Individual Genetic Heterogeneity.Genes · 2022Review
- Single-cell analysis reveals X upregulation is not global in pre-gastrulation embryos.iScience · 2022Article
- Genome-wide microRNA expression analysis in human placenta reveals sex-specific patterns: an ENVIREpigenetics · 2021Article
- Chromosome X-wide Analysis of Positive Selection in Human Populations: Common and Private Signals of Selection and its Impact on Inactivated Genes and Enhancers.Frontiers in genetics · 2021Article
- The Molecular Basis of Depression: Implications of Sex-Related Differences in Epigenetic Regulation.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2021Article
- Sex-Associated Gene Expression Alterations Correlate With Esophageal Cancer Survival.Clinical and translational gastroenterology · 2020Article
30 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
X chromosome inactivation in female mammals results in dosage compensation of X-linked gene products between the sexes. In humans there is evidence that a substantial proportion of genes escape from silencing. We have carried out a large-scale analysis of gene expression in lymphoblastoid cell lines from four human populations to determine the extent to which escape from X chromosome inactivation disrupts dosage compensation. We conclude that dosage compensation is virtually complete. Overall expression from the X chromosome is only slightly higher in females and can largely be accounted for by elevated female expression of approximately 5% of X-linked genes. We suggest that the potential contribution of escape from X chromosome inactivation to phenotypic differences between the sexes is more limited than previously believed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.