ArticleBMC genomics2008
Annotation and analysis of a large cuticular protein family with the R&R Consensus in Anopheles gambiae.
Article in BMC genomics, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers.
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Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 139 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Chromosome-level genome of spider Pardosa pseudoannulata and cuticle protein genes in environmental stresses.Scientific data · 2024Article
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- Mosquitoes Possess Specialized Cuticular Proteins That Are Evolutionarily Related to the Elastic Protein Resilin.Insects · 2023Article
- Genome-Wide Identification and Transcriptome-Based Expression Profile of Cuticular Protein Genes inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- A Novel Cuticular Protein-likeInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Global Gene Expression Analysis Reveals Complex Cuticle Organization of the Tribolium Compound Eye.Genome biology and evolution · 2023Article
- Cuticle Protein LmACP19 Is Required for the Stability of Epidermal Cells in Wing Development and Morphogenesis ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- CPR63 promotes pyrethroid resistance by increasing cuticle thickness in Culex pipiens pallens.Parasites & vectors · 2022Article
- Identification and temporal expression profiles of cuticular proteins in the endoparasitoid wasp, Microplitis mediator.Insect science · 2020Article
- Cuticular Structure Proteomics in the Pea AphidJournal of proteome research · 2020Article
- Dynamic transcriptome profiling exploring cold tolerance in forensically important blow fly, Aldrichina grahami (Diptera: Calliphoridae).BMC genomics · 2020Article
- Proteomics reveals localization of cuticular proteins in Anopheles gambiae.Insect biochemistry and molecular biology · 2019Article
- Comparative Analysis of the Integument Transcriptomes betweenInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2018Article
- High level efficacy of lufenuron against sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) linked to rapid impact on moulting processes.International journal for parasitology. Drugs and drug resistance · 2018Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe most abundant family of insect cuticular proteins, the CPR family, is recognized by the R&R Consensus, a domain of about 64 amino acids that binds to chitin and is present throughout arthropods. Several species have now been shown to have more than 100 CPR genes, inviting speculation as to the functional importance of this large number and diversity.
resultsWe have identified 156 genes in Anopheles gambiae that code for putative cuticular proteins in this CPR family, over 1% of the total number of predicted genes in this species. Annotation was verified using several criteria including identification of TATA boxes, INRs, and DPEs plus support from proteomic and gene expression analyses. Two previously recognized CPR classes, RR-1 and RR-2, form separate, well-supported clades with the exception of a small set of genes with long branches whose relationships are poorly resolved. Several of these outliers have clear orthologs in other species. Although both clades are under purifying selection, the RR-1 variant of the R&R Consensus is evolving at twice the rate of the RR-2 variant and is structurally more labile. In contrast, the regions flanking the R&R Consensus have diversified in amino-acid composition to a much greater extent in RR-2 genes compared with RR-1 genes. Many genes are found in compact tandem arrays that may include similar or dissimilar genes but always include just one of the two classes. Tandem arrays of RR-2 genes frequently contain subsets of genes coding for highly similar proteins (sequence clusters). Properties of the proteins indicated that each cluster may serve a distinct function in the cuticle.
conclusionThe complete annotation of this large gene family provides insight on the mechanisms of gene family evolution and clues about the need for so many CPR genes. These data also should assist annotation of other Anopheles genes.
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