ArticlePediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)2008
Short- and long-term efficacy of levamisole as adjunctive therapy in childhood nephrotic syndrome.
Article in Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany), 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of higher-dose levamisole in maintaining remission in steroid-dependant nephrotic syndrome.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2017Trial
- Short and long-term outcome of levamisole in early versus late steroid responsive nephrotic syndrome: A single centre experience.Pakistan journal of medical sciences · 2025Article
- Short-term outcome of levamisole in frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome: a single-center prospective cohort study.Frontiers in nephrology · 2025Article
- Late Onset of ANCA Vasculitis as a Side Effect of Levamisole Treatment in Nephrotic Syndrome.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Article
- Optimizing the corticosteroid dose in steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2022Review
- Potential Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Therapeutics That Target the Post-Entry Stages of the Viral Life Cycle: A Comprehensive Review.Viruses · 2020Review
- Article
- Levamisole in Children with Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome: Clinical Efficacy and Pathophysiological Aspects.Journal of clinical medicine · 2019Review
- Levamisole therapy in children with frequently relapsing and steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome: a single-center experience.Central-European journal of immunology · 2016Article
- Pathologic manifestations of levamisole-adulterated cocaine exposure.Diagnostic pathology · 2015Review
- The effect of levamisole on mortality rate among patients with severe burn injuries.Journal of research in medical sciences : the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences · 2013Article
- Short- and long-term efficacy of levamisole in children with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome.International urology and nephrology · 2013Article
- Treatment of tacrolimus or cyclosporine A in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2012Article
- Complications associated with use of levamisole-contaminated cocaine: an emerging public health challenge.Mayo Clinic proceedings · 2012Article
- Chapter 3: Steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children.Kidney international supplements · 2012Article
- Clinical course and outcome of children with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2011Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Many children with steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome (NS) have significant sequelae despite steroid-sparing therapies. Levamisole may reduce short-term relapse frequency (RF) with minimal side effects. Little data exist, however, as to its long-term effect. To assess both short- and long-term efficacy in NS, RF and cumulative annual steroid burden were quantified in ten consecutive children with steroid-dependent NS treated with levamisole. Data were analyzed for three time periods: 1 year prior to levamisole therapy (Pre-Lev), during 1 year of levamisole therapy (During-Lev), and the year after cessation of all levamisole therapy (Off-Lev). Median RF fell from 6.0 (4.0-9.0) relapses/patient per year Pre-Lev to 0.0 (0.0-4.0) During-Lev (p = 0.002) with 6/10 patients having no relapse and 0.5 (0.0-8.0) Off-Lev (p = 0.01) with 5/10 patients without relapse. Concurrently, cumulative annual steroid burden fell from 6,067 (1,660-8,691) mg/m(2) per year Pre-Lev to 2,920 (782-5,271) During-Lev (p = 0.002) and 716 (0-3,637) Off-Lev (p = 0.002). In 4/5 hypertensive children, blood pressure normalized During-Lev. Somatic indices also improved: height Z scores, which fell from 0.8 (-2.4 to 3.6) at diagnosis to -0.6 (-2.7 to 0.4) Pre-Lev (p = 0.004), remained stable at -0.6 (-3.0 to 0.6) after 1 year of therapy and -0.5 (-2.6 to 0.2) Off-Lev. Height velocity improved from 3.0 (0.3-6.0) cm/year Pre-Lev to 3.7 (0.0-8.0) cm/year During-Lev and 5.4 (0.0-9.1) Off-Lev. We conclude that levamisole is an effective short- and long-term steroid-sparing agent in pediatric NS.
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