ReviewClinical microbiology reviews2008
Sensing of viral infection and activation of innate immunity by toll-like receptor 3.
Review in Clinical microbiology reviews, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 167 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
167 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 315 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dynamic data-driven meta-analysis for prioritisation of host genes implicated in COVID-19.Scientific reports · 2020Pooled it
- Toll-like receptor 3 expression and function in childhood idiopathic nephrotic syndrome.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2015Trial
- IRF7 Protects Against Severe Influenza A Infection Independently of TLR7 Recognition in Mice.Viruses · 2026Article
- Toll-like Receptor 3 as a Context-Dependent Molecular Switch in Epithelial Cancers: Balancing Cell Death and Tumor-Supportive Programs.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Identification of novel reproducible combinatorial genetic risk factors for myalgic encephalomyelitis in the DecodeME patient cohort and commonalities with long COVID.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Honey Bee AMPs as a Novel Carrier Protein for the Development of a Subunit Vaccine: An Immunoinformatic Approach.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- Interferon regulatory factors: the next prospective targets for tissue ischemia-reperfusion injury?Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Mitochondrial orchestration of PANoptosis: mechanisms, disease pathogenesis, and emerging therapeutic frontiers.Cell death discovery · 2025Review
- MyD88 Contributes to TLR3-Mediated NF-κB Activation and Cytokine Production in Macrophages.Cells · 2025Article
- The Interplay Between Therapeutic Self-Amplifying RNA and the Innate Immune System: Balancing Efficiency and Reactogenicity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- ATG16L1 WD domain and linker regulates lipid trafficking to maintain plasma membrane integrity to limit influenza virus infection.Autophagy · 2025Article
- Involvement of nucleic acid-sensing toll-like receptors in human diseases and their controlling mechanisms.Journal of biomedical science · 2025Review
- Immune response accelerated telomere shortening during early life stage of a passerine bird, the blue tit (Biology letters · 2025Article
- Article
- MDA5 Is a Major Determinant of Developing Symptoms in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2024Review
- Maternal choline supplementation modulates cognition and induces anti-inflammatory signaling in the prefrontal cortices of adolescent rats exposed to maternal immune activation.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2024Article
- Engineered Cancer Nanovaccines: A New Frontier in Cancer Therapy.Nano-micro letters · 2024Review
- Sensing of an HIV-1-Derived Single-Stranded RNA-Oligonucleotide Induces Arginase 1-Mediated Tolerance.Cells · 2024Article
- The implication of infection with respiratory syncytial virus in pediatric recurrent wheezing and asthma: knowledge expanded post-COVID-19 era.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2024Review
107 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) form a major group of transmembrane receptors that are involved in the detection of invading pathogens. Double-stranded RNA is a marker for viral infection that is recognized by TLR3. TLR3 triggering activates specific signaling pathways that culminate in the activation of NF-kappaB and IRF3 transcription factors, as well as apoptosis, enabling the host to mount an effective innate immune response through the induction of cytokines, chemokines, and other proinflammatory mediators. In this review, we describe the paradoxical role of TLR3 in innate immunity against different viruses and in viral pathogenesis but also the evidence for TLR3 as a "danger" receptor in nonviral diseases. We also discuss the structure and cellular localization of TLR3, as well as the complex signaling and regulatory events that contribute to TLR3-mediated immune responses.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.