ArticleVision research2008
Accommodation and vergence latencies in human infants.
Article in Vision research, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed.
- A Quantitative Evaluation of the PowerRef 3 for Measuring Gaze Position.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2026Article
- Article
- An edge-simplicity bias in the visual input to young infants.Science advances · 2024Article
- Accuracy and stability of accommodation and vergence responses during sustained near tasks in uncorrected hyperopes.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Correction of Low-Moderate Hyperopia Improves Accommodative Function for Some Hyperopic Children During Sustained Near Work.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2021Article
- Active efficient coding explains the development of binocular vision and its failure in amblyopia.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020Article
- Convergence and divergence to radial optic flow in infancy.Journal of vision · 2019Article
- The Importance of the Interaction Between Ocular Motor Function and Vision During Human Infancy.Annual review of vision science · 2019Review
- Impact of Visual Cues on the Magnitude and Variability of the Accommodative Response in Children With Emmetropia and Uncorrected Hyperopia and Adults.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2019Article
- Determining the relative contribution of retinal disparity and blur cues to ocular accommodation in Down syndrome.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Objective Measurement of Fusional Vergence Ranges and Heterophoria in Infants and Preschool Children.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2016Article
- Trying to see, failing to focus: near visual impairment in Down syndrome.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- Disparity-driven vs blur-driven models of accommodation and convergence in binocular vision and intermittent strabismus.Journal of AAPOS : the official publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus · 2014Article
- Why do only some hyperopes become strabismic?Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2013Review
- The sensitivity of the 2- to 4-month-old human infant accommodation system.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2010Article
- Age-related changes in accommodative dynamics from preschool to adulthood.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2010Article
- Accommodative and vergence responses to conflicting blur and disparity stimuli during development.Journal of vision · 2009Article
- Retinal image quality and postnatal visual experience during infancy.Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry · 2009Review
- Cues for the control of ocular accommodation and vergence during postnatal human development.Journal of vision · 2008Article
- Postnatal development of disparity sensitivity in visual area 2 (v2) of macaque monkeys.Journal of neurophysiology · 2008Article
Corrections and comments
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2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeAchieving simultaneous single and clear visual experience during postnatal development depends on the temporal relationship between accommodation and vergence, in addition to their accuracies. This study was designed to examine one component of the dynamic relationship, the latencies of the responses.
methodsInfants and adults were tested in three conditions (i) binocular viewing of a target moving in depth at 5 cm/s (closed loop) (ii) monocular viewing of the same target (vergence open loop) (iii) binocular viewing of a low spatial frequency Difference of Gaussian target during a prism induced step change in retinal disparity (accommodation open loop).
resultsThere was a significant correlation between accommodation and vergence latencies in binocular conditions for infants from 7 to 23 weeks of age. Some of the infants, as young as 7 or 8 weeks, generated adult-like latencies of less than 0.5 s. Latencies in the vergence open loop and accommodation open loop conditions tended to be shorter for the stimulated system than the open loop system in both cases, and all latencies were typically less than 2 s across the infant age range.
conclusionsMany infants between 7 and 23 weeks of age were able to generate accommodation and vergence responses with latencies of less than a second in full binocular closed loop conditions. The correlation between the latencies in the two systems suggests that they are limited by related factors from the earliest ages tested.
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