Trial reportBMJ (Clinical research ed.)2008
Vascular events in healthy older women receiving calcium supplementation: randomised controlled trial.
Trial report in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 190 papers, 19 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
190 citing papers in PubMed, 19 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 695 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Calcium supplementation for people with overweight or obesity.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Calcium supplementation for prevention of primary hypertension.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Calcium supplementation for prevention of primary hypertension.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Guideline
- Calcium intake and bone mineral density: systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2015Pooled it
- Calcium intake and risk of fracture: systematic review.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2015Pooled it
- Calcium supplementation for prevention of primary hypertension.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2015Pooled it
- Dietary calcium intake and mortality risk from cardiovascular disease and all causes: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.BMC medicine · 2014Pooled it
- Calcium and vitamin D supplementation and loss of bone mineral density in women undergoing breast cancer therapy.Critical reviews in oncology/hematology · 2013Pooled it
- Interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2012Pooled it
- Cardiovascular effects of calcium supplementation.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2011Pooled it
- Fracture prevention in postmenopausal women.BMJ clinical evidence · 2011Pooled it
- Calcium supplements with or without vitamin D and risk of cardiovascular events: reanalysis of the Women's Health Initiative limited access dataset and meta-analysis.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2011Pooled it
- Effect of calcium supplements on risk of myocardial infarction and cardiovascular events: meta-analysis.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2010Pooled it
- [Austrian guidance for the pharmacological treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women--update 2009].Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift. Supplement · 2009Guideline
- Effect of calcium supplementation on hip fractures.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2008Pooled it
- Estrogen and progestogen use in postmenopausal women: July 2008 position statement of The North American Menopause Society.Menopause (New York, N.Y.)Guideline
- Risk of keratinocyte carcinomas with vitamin D and calcium supplementation: a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2020Trial
130 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo determine the effect of calcium supplementation on myocardial infarction, stroke, and sudden death in healthy postmenopausal women.
designRandomised, placebo controlled trial.
settingAcademic medical centre in an urban setting in New Zealand.
participants1471 postmenopausal women (mean age 74): 732 were randomised to calcium supplementation and 739 to placebo.
main outcome measuresAdverse cardiovascular events over five years: death, sudden death, myocardial infarction, angina, other chest pain, stroke, transient ischaemic attack, and a composite end point of myocardial infarction, stroke, or sudden death.
resultsMyocardial infarction was more commonly reported in the calcium group than in the placebo group (45 events in 31 women v 19 events in 14 women, P=0.01). The composite end point of myocardial infarction, stroke, or sudden death was also more common in the calcium group (101 events in 69 women v 54 events in 42 women, P=0.008). After adjudication myocardial infarction remained more common in the calcium group (24 events in 21 women v 10 events in 10 women, relative risk 2.12, 95% confidence interval 1.01 to 4.47). For the composite end point 61 events were verified in 51 women in the calcium group and 36 events in 35 women in the placebo group (relative risk 1.47, 0.97 to 2.23). When unreported events were added from the national database of hospital admissions in New Zealand the relative risk of myocardial infarction was 1.49 (0.86 to 2.57) and that of the composite end point was 1.21 (0.84 to 1.74). The respective rate ratios were 1.67 (95% confidence intervals 0.98 to 2.87) and 1.43 (1.01 to 2.04); event rates: placebo 16.3/1000 person years, calcium 23.3/1000 person years. For stroke (including unreported events) the relative risk was 1.37 (0.83 to 2.28) and the rate ratio was 1.45 (0.88 to 2.49).
conclusionCalcium supplementation in healthy postmenopausal women is associated with upward trends in cardiovascular event rates. This potentially detrimental effect should be balanced against the likely benefits of calcium on bone.
trial registrationAustralian Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN 012605000242628.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.