ReviewDrugs2008
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy : pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and management.
Review in Drugs, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 175 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, a controversial burden in the East African context: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Leishmaniasis as a Manifestation of Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS) in HIV-Infected Patients: A Literature Review.Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS CarePooled it
- Antiretroviral Therapy Normalizes Autoantibody Profile of HIV Patients by Decreasing CD33⁺CD11b⁺HLA-DR⁺ Cells: A Cross-Sectional Study.Medicine · 2016Trial
- Immunologic markers as predictors of tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV and tuberculosis coinfected persons in Thailand.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2009Trial
- Integrated multi-omics analysis: exploring the molecular regulatory mechanisms of HIV infection and identifying the key gene WFDC2.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2026Article
- The role of regulatory T cells in infant HIV pathogenesis: therapeutic strategies.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Review
- Post coronavirus-disease-vaccination immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in tuberculosis treatment: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2025Article
- Aspergillus-related immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in pediatric cancer patients, clinical characteristics, imaging findings, and survival.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Immune recovery uveitis: a focus review.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2024Review
- Impact of HIV on HPV-related cancers in men who have sex with men: a review.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
- Article
- Hyperinflammatory syndrome in a paediatric patient with a recent diagnosis of HIV/AIDS infection: hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis or immune reconstitution syndrome?BMC infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Mycobacterium intracellulare-Related Immune Reconstitution Syndrome in an HIV Patient: A Case Report.Cureus · 2022Article
- Paradoxical worsening of nontuberculous mycobacterial disease after the discontinuation of antitumor necrosis factor therapy: A case report.Respiratory medicine case reports · 2022Article
- Cryptococcal Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome: From Blood and Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers to Treatment Approaches.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Adherence and Its Associated Factors Among Adult HIV-Infected Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy in South Western Ethiopia, 2020.Patient preference and adherence · 2021Article
- Checking the Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Case of Autoimmune Diabetes After PD-1 Inhibition in a Patient with HIV.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2020Article
- Review
- Human immunodeficiency virus and intraocular inflammation in the era of highly active anti retroviral therapy - An update.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2020Review
- Effects of time of initiation of antiretroviral therapy in the treatment of patients with HIV/TB co-infection: A systemic review and meta-analysis.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2020Review
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) to treat HIV infection, by restoring CD4+ cell count and immune function, is associated with significant reductions in morbidity and mortality. Soon after ART initiation, there is a rapid phase of restoration of pathogen-specific immunity. In certain patients, this results in inflammatory responses that may result in clinical deterioration known as 'the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome' (IRIS). IRIS may be targeted at viable infective antigens, dead or dying infective antigens, host antigens, tumour antigens and other antigens, giving rise to a heterogeneous range of clinical manifestations. The commonest forms of IRIS are associated with mycobacterial infections, fungi and herpes viruses. In most patients, ART should be continued and treatment for the associated condition optimized, and there is anecdotal evidence for the use of corticosteroids in patients who are severely affected. In this review, we discuss research relating to pathogenesis, the range of clinical manifestations, treatment options and prevention issues.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.