Evidence map›Paper›PMID 18195029›Full record

ArticleInfection and immunity2008

gp63 in stable cationic liposomes confers sustained vaccine immunity to susceptible BALB/c mice infected with Leishmania donovani.

Swati Bhowmick, Rajesh Ravindran, Nahid Ali

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Infection and immunity, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
47citing papers in PubMed
10.1field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

47 citing papers in PubMed, 126 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Evaluation ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2025
    Article
  4. Advances inPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024
    Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Vaccination in Leishmaniasis: A Review Article.Iranian biomedical journal · 2022
    Article
  11. Development of the Antileishmanial Vaccine.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2022
    Article
  12. Revisiting the Principles of Designing a Vaccine.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2022
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Pathogen Evasion of Chemokine Response Through Suppression of CXCL10.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2019
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Liposomal adjuvant development for leishmaniasis vaccines.Therapeutic advances in vaccines · 2017
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Swati BhowmickInfectious Diseases and Immunology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India.
Rajesh Ravindran
Nahid Ali
Indian Institute of Chemical Biology · IN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Visceral leishmaniasis is deadly if not treated, and development of a vaccine with long-term immunity remains a challenge. In this study, we showed that cationic distearoyl phosphatidylcholine (DSPC) liposomes, when used as vaccine adjuvant with the immunodominant 63-kDa glycoprotein (gp63) of Leishmania donovani promastigotes, induced significant protection against progressive visceral leishmaniasis in susceptible BALB/c mice. gp63 used without adjuvant elicited partial protection but in association with liposomes exhibited marked resistance in both the livers and spleens of the mice challenged 10 days after the last vaccination. The protective efficacy of liposomal gp63 vaccination was dose dependent, with 2.5 mug of protein showing optimal protection. The immunity conferred by this vaccine formulation was durable, as mice challenged 12 weeks after immunization were still protected, and the infection was controlled for at least 3 months postchallenge. Production of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) by splenic T cells, and of serum immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) and IgG2a following immunization, suggested that a mixed Th1/Th2 response had been induced following immunization. However, control of disease progression and parasitic burden in mice vaccinated with gp63 in cationic DSPC liposomes was associated with enhancement of antigen-specific IFN-gamma and downregulation of IL-4, demonstrating a Th1 bias. Long-term immunity elicited by this vaccine corresponded to, in addition to the presence of antigen-specific Th1, CD8+ T-cell responses. Our results demonstrated that stable cationic liposomes containing gp63 acted as a potent adjuvant for protein antigen to induce long-term protection against L. donovani that represents an alternative to DNA vaccination.

Indexed as

Adjuvants, ImmunologicAnimalsAntibodies, ProtozoanAntigens, ProtozoanCD8-Positive T-LymphocytesDose-Response Relationship, ImmunologicImmunoglobulin GInterferon-gammaInterleukin-4Leishmania donovaniLeishmaniasis VaccinesLeishmaniasis, VisceralLiposomesLiverMetalloendopeptidasesMice1,2-distearoyllecithinAdjuvants, ImmunologicAntibodies, ProtozoanAntigens, Protozoanglycoprotein gp63, LeishmaniaImmunoglobulin GInterferon-gammaInterleukin-4Leishmaniasis VaccinesLiposomesMetalloendopeptidasesPhosphatidylcholines

Identifiers

PMID18195029
PMCPMC2258822
OpenAlexW2157153805

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.