ArticleAnnals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials2008
Trends in antibacterial resistance among Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated in the USA: update from PROTEKT US Years 1-4.
Article in Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Guidelines for preventing infectious complications among hematopoietic cell transplantation recipients: a global perspective.Biology of blood and marrow transplantation : journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation · 2009Guideline
- Respiratory fluoroquinolones for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2008Pooled it
- Development of a broad-spectrum epitope-based vaccine against Streptococcus pneumoniae.PloS one · 2025Article
- Bayesian estimation of the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance: a mathematical modelling study.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2024Article
- In silico design of an epitope-based vaccine against PspC in Streptococcus pneumoniae using reverse vaccinology.Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology · 2023Article
- Role of PatAB Transporter in Efflux of Levofloxacin inAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Changing Trends of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in the Era of Conjugate Pneumococcal Vaccination in Olmsted County: A Population-Based Study.Mayo Clinic proceedings · 2022Article
- Population structure of ocularMicrobial genomics · 2022Article
- Article
- Use of Oral Tetracyclines in the Treatment of Adult Patients with Community-Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia: A Literature Review on the Often-Overlooked Antibiotic Class.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Behavioral Economics Interventions to Improve Outpatient Antibiotic Prescribing for Acute Respiratory Infections: a Cost-Effectiveness Analysis.Journal of general internal medicine · 2019Article
- Comparative In Vivo Efficacies of Tedizolid in Neutropenic versus Immunocompetent Murine Streptococcus pneumoniae Lung Infection Models.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2017Article
- Antibiotic Resistance Patterns and Related Mobile Genetic Elements of Pneumococci and β-Hemolytic Streptococci in Thai Healthy Children.Indian journal of microbiology · 2016Article
- Macrolones Are a Novel Class of Macrolide Antibiotics Active against Key Resistant Respiratory Pathogens In Vitro and In Vivo.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2016Article
- Macrolide Resistance inFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2016Review
- Emerging non-PCV13 serotypes of noninvasive Streptococcus pneumoniae with macrolide resistance genes in northern Japan.New microbes and new infections · 2016Article
- Mobile elements and chromosomal changes associated with MLS resistance phenotypes of invasive pneumococci recovered in the United States.Microbial drug resistance (Larchmont, N.Y.) · 2015Article
- Ceftaroline in the management of complicated skin and soft tissue infections and community acquired pneumonia.Therapeutics and clinical risk management · 2015Review
- Clinical importance and epidemiology of quinolone resistance.Infection & chemotherapy · 2014Review
- Emerging novel and antimicrobial-resistant respiratory tract infections: new drug development and therapeutic options.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2014Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe increasing prevalence of resistance to established antibiotics among key bacterial respiratory tract pathogens, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, is a major healthcare problem in the USA. The PROTEKT US study is a longitudinal surveillance study designed to monitor the susceptibility of key respiratory tract pathogens in the USA to a range of commonly used antimicrobials. Here, we assess the geographic and temporal trends in antibacterial resistance of S. pneumoniae isolates from patients with community-acquired respiratory tract infections collected between Year 1 (2000-2001) and Year 4 (2003-2004) of PROTEKT US.
methodsAntibacterial minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined centrally using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) broth microdilution method; susceptibility was defined according to CLSI interpretive criteria. Macrolide resistance genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction.
resultsA total of 39,495 S. pneumoniae isolates were collected during 2000-2004. The percentage of isolates resistant to erythromycin, penicillin, levofloxacin, and telithromycin were 29.3%, 21.2%, 0.9%, and 0.02%, respectively, over the 4 years, with marked regional variability. The proportion of isolates exhibiting multidrug resistance (includes isolates known as penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae and isolates resistant to > or = 2 of the following antibiotics: penicillin; second-generation cephalosporins, e.g. cefuroxime; macrolides; tetracyclines; and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) remained stable at approximately 30% over the study period. Overall mef(A) was the most common macrolide resistance mechanism. The proportion of mef(A) isolates decreased from 68.8% to 62.3% between Year 1 and Year 4, while the percentage of isolates carrying both erm(B) and mef(A) increased from 9.7% to 18.4%. Over 99% of the erm(B)+mef(A)-positive isolates collected over Years 1-4 exhibited multidrug resistance. Higher than previously reported levels of macrolide resistance were found for mef(A)-positive isolates.
conclusionOver the first 4 years of PROTEKT US, penicillin and erythromycin resistance among pneumococcal isolates has remained high. Although macrolide resistance rates have stabilized, the prevalence of clonal isolates, with a combined erm(B) and mef(A) genotype together with high-level macrolide and multidrug resistance, is increasing, and their spread may have serious health implications. Telithromycin and levofloxacin both showed potent in vitro activity against S. pneumoniae isolates irrespective of macrolide resistance genotype.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.