Trial reportThe Clinical journal of pain2008
Is it painful or not? Discriminant validity of the Behavioral Indicators of Infant Pain (BIIP) scale.
Trial report in The Clinical journal of pain, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 89 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical rating scales for assessing pain in newborn infants.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Positioning for lumbar puncture in newborn infants.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Positioning for lumbar puncture in newborn infants.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Methodological Issues in the Study of the Development of Pain Responsivity in Preterm Neonates: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Pooled it
- Clonidine for pain in non-ventilated infants.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Paracetamol (acetaminophen) for prevention or treatment of pain in newborns.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Paracetamol (acetaminophen) for prevention or treatment of pain in newborns.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2016Pooled it
- Oral glucose during targeted neonatal echocardiography: is it useful?Archives of disease in childhood. Fetal and neonatal edition · 2015Trial
- The Effect of Mother's Voice on Arterial Blood Sampling Induced Pain in Neonates Hospitalized in Neonate Intensive Care Unit.Global journal of health science · 2015Trial
- Trial
- Evaluation of Pain in the Pediatric Patient Admitted to Sub-Intensive Care: What Is the Evidence? A Scoping Review.Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Pharmacological interventions for the management of pain and discomfort during lumbar puncture in newborn infants.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Review
- Opioids for procedural pain in neonates.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Review
- Heart rate monitoring to detect acute pain in non-verbal patients: a study protocol for a randomized controlled clinical trial.BMC psychiatry · 2023Article
- Opioids for procedural pain in neonates.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Review
- Non-opioid analgesics for procedural pain in neonates.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Review
- Prospective Feasibility and Revalidation of the Equine Acute Abdominal Pain Scale (EAAPS) in Clinical Cases of Colic in Horses.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2020Article
- Article
- Magnetic Non-invasive Auricular Acupuncture During Eye-Exam for Retinopathy of Prematurity in Preterm Infants: A Multicentre Randomized Controlled Trial.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2020Article
- The influence of gestational age in the psychometric testing of the Bernese Pain Scale for Neonates.BMC pediatrics · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo evaluate the ability of the Behavioral Indicators of Infant Pain (BIIP) scale to discriminate between skin-breaking and nonskin breaking procedures, and to identify sensitized pain responses in preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).
methodsSixty-nine infants born between 24 and 32 weeks gestational age were assessed at 32 weeks postconceptional age during blood collection on one day (procedure A), and then on another day during blood collection preceded by a diaper change (procedure B). Procedure order was randomized. Outcome measures were changes in BIIP coded from continuous bedside video recordings and changes in heart rate (HR).
resultsDuring blood collection (procedure A), BIIP scores (P<0.0001) and mean HR (P<0.0001) were higher than during the diaper change and higher when the infants had had a preceding diaper change (procedure B vs. procedure A) (P<0.03). HR changed from baseline to the stressors for each procedure. No differences in mean HR were observed during Lance phase between the procedure A and the B blood collection; however, HR remained elevated significantly during the Recovery phase when blood collection was preceded by the diaper change (P<0.03). DISCUSSION: The BIIP scale is reliable, accurate, and valid assessment for measuring acute pain in preterm infants in the NICU. This assessment combines the relatively most specific, anatomically based, theoretically derived indicators; and it allows evaluation of behavioral and physiologic pain responses separately.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.