ReviewLancet (London, England)2008
Epidemiology and causes of preterm birth.
Review in Lancet (London, England), 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 13 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 3,186 papers, 11 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Clindamycin to Reduce Preterm Birth in a Low Resource Setting: A Randomized Placebo-controlled Trial
Correlation Between Inflammatory Markers in Gingival Crevicular Fluid, Serum and Amniotic Fluids in Periodontal Pregnant Women
Microcirculatory and Tissue and Cerebral Oxygenation Differences Between Preeclampsia and Normal Pregnancy: An Observation Study
Aspirin Supplementation for Pregnancy Indicated Risk Reduction In Nulliparas (ASPIRIN)
Preventing Preterm Birth in Zambia
Preterm Induction of Labor Timing of Amniotomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
The Endocannabinoid System in Human Gestational Tissues in Labor
Quantifying the Mechanical Environment of Pregnancy Complicated With a Short Cervix With Ultrasound Imaging and Aspiration - Ancillary Study to the Trial of Pessary in Singleton Pregnancies Trial
Cervical Stiffness Measurement in Cervical Insufficiency
Serial Cervical Length Measurements After the 1st Episode of Threatened Preterm Labor to Improve Prediction of Spontaneous Preterm Delivery: Prospective Cohort Study
The Effects of Making Pregnant Women With Preterm Birth Threat Watch Nature Images With Virtual Reality Goggles on the Levels of Stress, Anxiety, Attachment, and Care Satisfaction
Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial to Evaluate if Tailored Antibiotic and Steroid Therapy Based on the Interleukin-6 (IL-6) Value in Amniotic Fluid Obtained by Amniocentesis in Patients With Premature Rupture of Membranes is Associated With Pregnancy Prolongation Compared to Standard Management.
Analysis of Hippo-YAP Pathway Genes and Proteins and Related miRNA-195, miRNA-181c, miRNA-200a, and miRNA-375 Expression in Maternal Blood, Placental Tissue, and Myometrial Tissue From Women With Term and Preterm Cesarean Delivery
Who cites it
3,186 citing papers in PubMed, 11 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 7,691 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy may increase the risk of neurodevelopmental delay in the offspring: a systematic review with meta-analysis.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2026Pooled it
- Can universal cervical length screening with vaginal progesterone for a short cervix reduce preterm birth? A systematic review and meta-analyses.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2026Pooled it
- Does intracytoplasmic sperm injection outperform conventional in vitro fertilization in couples without severe male factor infertility? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2026Pooled it
- Previable PROM in twins: A systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2026Pooled it
- Prognostic value of cervical length for spontaneous preterm birth in asymptomatic women with singleton pregnancy: An individual participant data meta-analysis.PLoS medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Preterm Birth and Perinatal Mortality During the COVID-19 Pandemic Period: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of paediatrics and child health · 2026Pooled it
- Association between maternal multimorbidity and preterm birth: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Pooled it
- Early gestational prediction of spontaneous preterm birth using a validated three-protein serum biomarker panel.BMC medicine · 2026Pooled it
- The Risk of Preterm Birth in Women With Periodontitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of dental hygiene · 2026Pooled it
- The correlation between triglyceride-glucose index in early pregnancy (<20 weeks) and pregnancy complications and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Prenatal allostatic load and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.PeerJ · 2026Pooled it
- Aspirin and Preterm Birth Among Pregnant People With Increased Heat Exposure: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2026Trial
- Two-stitch versus one-stitch cervical cerclage in women with high risk for preterm birth: a stratified exploratory randomized controlled trial in China.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Trial
- Association between pre-pregnancy BMI and preterm birth in Chinese women: a retrospective study.Annals of medicine · 2026Article
- Neonatal intensive care unit admission among infants born full-term to CDC's COVID-19 Vaccine Pregnancy Registry participants: A matched cohort study.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Spontaneous Preterm Birth and Subsequent Cardiovascular Mortality: Linked Registry Cohort Study.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2026Article
- Temperature and heat-load exposure effects on preterm births: Insights from a population-based study using distributed lag non-linear models.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2026Article
- Single-cell-level digital twins for preterm birth prevention strategies.Science advances · 2026Article
- Impact of the 25-Hour Religious Fast of "Yom Kippur" on Pregnancy Outcomes in Low-Risk Singleton Pregnancies in Israel: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.Journal of religion and health · 2026Article
- Unplanned out-of-hospital deliveries: Insights from 3473 births of a 13-year prospective cohort study in France.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2026Article
3,126 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
This paper is the first in a three-part series on preterm birth, which is the leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality in developed countries. Infants are born preterm at less than 37 weeks' gestational age after: (1) spontaneous labour with intact membranes, (2) preterm premature rupture of the membranes (PPROM), and (3) labour induction or caesarean delivery for maternal or fetal indications. The frequency of preterm births is about 12-13% in the USA and 5-9% in many other developed countries; however, the rate of preterm birth has increased in many locations, predominantly because of increasing indicated preterm births and preterm delivery of artificially conceived multiple pregnancies. Common reasons for indicated preterm births include pre-eclampsia or eclampsia, and intrauterine growth restriction. Births that follow spontaneous preterm labour and PPROM-together called spontaneous preterm births-are regarded as a syndrome resulting from multiple causes, including infection or inflammation, vascular disease, and uterine overdistension. Risk factors for spontaneous preterm births include a previous preterm birth, black race, periodontal disease, and low maternal body-mass index. A short cervical length and a raised cervical-vaginal fetal fibronectin concentration are the strongest predictors of spontaneous preterm birth.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.