ArticleBMC psychiatry2008
Postnatal depression in Southern Brazil: prevalence and its demographic and socioeconomic determinants.
Article in BMC psychiatry, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 335 citations in OpenAlex.
- Postnatal depression and its association with adverse infant health outcomes in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2020Pooled it
- Omega-3 supplementation from pregnancy to postpartum to prevent depressive symptoms: a randomized placebo-controlled trial.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2017Trial
- Postnatal depression among rural women in South India: do socio-demographic, obstetric and pregnancy outcome have a role to play?PloS one · 2015Trial
- Socioeconomic factors affecting postpartum mental health in mothers referred to a hospital in yasuj, Southwestern Iran.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Identifying risk factors for postpartum depression in Mashhad, Iran, 2017-2024: a population-based case-control study.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2025Article
- Postpartum Depression Prevalence and Associated Factors: An Observational Study in Saudi Arabia.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Observational
- Multidomain Social Determinants of Depressive Symptoms for the Elderly with Chronic Diseases: Evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- How Does Economic Inequality Affect Infanticide Rates? An Analysis of 15 Years of Death Records and Representative Economic Data.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
- Postpartum depression among women with pre-eclampsia and eclampsia in Tanzania; a call for integrative intervention.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2019Article
- Neighborhood Effects on PND Symptom Severity for Women Enrolled in a Home Visiting Program.Community mental health journal · 2018Article
- Factors associated with postpartum depression in women from low socioeconomic level in Argentina: A hierarchical model approach.Journal of affective disorders · 2018Article
- The comparison of socioeconomic status, perceived social support and mental status in women of reproductive age experiencing and not experiencing domestic violence in Iran.Journal of injury & violence research · 2018Article
- Social Support and Postpartum Depression Revisited: The Traditional Female Role as Moderator among Mexican Women.Sex roles · 2017Article
- The effectiveness of mindfulness training on reducing the symptoms of postpartum depression.Electronic physician · 2017Article
- Epidemiology of maternal depression, risk factors, and child outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries.The lancet. Psychiatry · 2016Review
- Prevalence of and factors influencing postnatal depression in a rural community in South Africa.African journal of primary health care & family medicine · 2015Article
- Online prevention of postpartum depression for Spanish- and English-speaking pregnant women: A pilot randomized controlled trial.Internet interventions · 2015Article
- A study of marital satisfaction among non-depressed and depressed mothers after childbirth in Jahrom, Iran, 2014.Global journal of health science · 2014Article
- Predictors of psychological distress among postnatal mothers in rural Nepal: a cross-sectional community-based study.Journal of affective disorders · 2014Article
- Fordyce happiness program and postpartum depression.Journal of research in medical sciences : the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundStudies investigating the prevalence of postnatal depression (PND) show rates ranging from 5% to 36.7%. The investigation of age, race, educational levels, religion and income as risk factors for PND has yielded conflicting results. The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of PND in women residing in Southern Brazil and the associated risk factors.
methodsThis is population-based cross-sectional study of women residing in Porto Alegre who delivered in June 2001. A sample of 271 participants were selected from the Record of Living Newborn Infants of the State Health Department (the official Brazilian database and stores the name and address of all women who give birth to living newborn infants) using a process based on pseudo-random numbers which choose a random sample from 2.000 records. Once the addresses were identified, the women were visited at their place of residence (home, hotel, boarding house and prison), with the interviews taking place between the 6th and the 8th week after delivery. The association between the risk factors and PND was investigated through bivariate analysis using Pearson's chi-square test. Student's t-test was used to analyze the continuous variables. To identify independent risk factors, multivariate analysis was performed using hierarchical levels with a predefined model that took into account the time relationship between PND and the risk factors. Cox's regression was used to calculate the prevalence ratios.
resultsThe PND prevalence rate found was 20.7% (CI 95% 15.7 - 25.7). After adjusting for confounding variables, per capita income was found to have a significant association with PND.
conclusionThe prevalence of PND is higher than the figures found in most developed countries and similar to the figures found in developing countries. Differences in PND by regions or countries can be partially explained by the effect of income on the mediation of risk factors. In low income populations, women should be routinely evaluated for postnatal depression, and those with no partner or spouse are likely to require further care from health services and should be given the benefit of mental health prevention programs.
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