ArticleAmerican journal of obstetrics and gynecology2008
Detection of a microbial biofilm in intraamniotic infection.
Article in American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 80 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
80 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 259 citations in OpenAlex.
- The microbiology of amniotic fluid sludge: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2026Pooled it
- Amniotic Sludge and Prematurity: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Revista brasileira de ginecologia e obstetricia : revista da Federacao Brasileira das Sociedades de Ginecologia e Obstetricia · 2023Pooled it
- Vaginal progesterone in women with an asymptomatic sonographic short cervix in the midtrimester decreases preterm delivery and neonatal morbidity: a systematic review and metaanalysis of individual patient data.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2012Pooled it
- Amniotic fluid cell-free transcriptome: a glimpse into fetal development and placental cellular dynamics during normal pregnancy.BMC medical genomics · 2020Trial
- Intra-amniotic infection: diagnosis, nomenclature, clinical significance, management, and microbiologic tools used for the diagnosis.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- Lower Plasma Antioxidant Defense and Heat Shock Proteins Mark Intra-Amniotic Sludge Ultrasound Finding.Journal of ultrasound in medicine : official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine · 2026Article
- Infections as a Cause of Preterm Birth: Amniotic Fluid Sludge-An Ultrasound Marker for Intra-Amniotic Infections and a Risk Factor for Preterm Birth.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Review
- Unveiling the placental bacterial microbiota: implications for maternal and infant health.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Review
- Intrauterine Shaping of Fetal Microbiota.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- A Review of the Literature: Amniotic Fluid "Sludge"-Clinical Significance and Perinatal Outcomes.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Anti-infectious and anti-inflammatory effect of amniopatch in the treatment of spontaneous previable rupture of membranes.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2024Review
- Integration of Lysin into Chitosan Nanoparticles for Improving Bacterial Biofilm Inhibition.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Review
- Chorioamnionitis: An Update on Diagnostic Evaluation.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Organotypic 3D Co-Culture of Human Pleura as a Novel In Vitro Model ofBioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Amniotic fluid sludge caused by intraamniotic bleeding.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2023Article
- Cervical insufficiency, amniotic fluid sludge, intra-amniotic infection, and maternal bacteremia: the need for a point-of-care test to assess inflammation and bacteria in amniotic fluid.The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians · 2022Article
- Characterization of amniotic fluid sludge in preterm and term gestations.The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians · 2022Article
- Effect of Autoinducer-2 Quorum Sensing Inhibitor on Interspecies Quorum Sensing.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
20 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveMicrobial biofilms are communities of sessile microorganisms formed by cells that are attached irreversibly to a substratum or interface or to each other and embedded in a hydrated matrix of extracellular polymeric substances. Microbial biofilms have been implicated in >80% of human infections such as periodontitis, urethritis, endocarditis, and device-associated infections. Thus far, intraamniotic infection has been attributed to planktonic (free-floating) bacteria. A case is presented in which "amniotic fluid sludge" was found to contain microbial biofilms. This represents the first report of a microbial biofilm in the amniotic cavity. STUDY
design"Amniotic fluid sludge" was detected by transvaginal sonography and retrieved by transvaginal amniotomy. Bacteria were identified with scanning electron microscopy and fluorescence in situ hybridization for conserved regions of the microbial genome; the exopolymeric matrix was identified by histochemistry by the wheat germ agglutinin lectin method. The structure of the biofilm was imaged with confocal laser scanning microscopy.
results"Amniotic fluid sludge" was imaged with scanning electron microscopy, which allowed the identification of bacteria embedded in an amorphous material and inflammatory cells. Bacteria were demonstrated with fluorescent in situ hybridization using a eubacteria probe. Extracellular matrix was identified with the wheat germ agglutinin lectin stain. Confocal microscopy allowed 3-dimensional visualization of the microbial biofilm.
conclusionMicrobial biofilms have been identified in a case of intraamniotic infection with "amniotic fluid sludge."
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.