ArticleJournal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association2008
Clinical reliability and validity of the N-PASS: neonatal pain, agitation and sedation scale with prolonged pain.
Article in Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 7 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 142 papers, 21 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Retinopathy of Prematurity Screening: Comparison of Pain Using Two Eyelid Retractors
Music Therapy as a Method of Non-Pharmacological Pain Management in the NICU Setting
WAVE Trial in Premature Infants With Apnea of Prematurity Using a Simple, Non-invasive Vibratory Device to Study the Effectiveness in Supporting Breathing and General Stability
Randomised Controlled Study: The Effects on Pain of Foot Reflexology and Acupressure During Heel Lancing In Newborns
The PALISA Study - Pain Assessment During Less-Invasive-Surfactant-Administration
Effects of Neonatal Therapeutic Touch and Massage in Very Preterm and Extremely Preterm Neonates: A Randomized Controlled Trial
The effect of buzzy® and shotbloker® application on the pain and comfort level of newborns during heel prick blood sampling in newborns
Who cites it
142 citing papers in PubMed, 21 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 410 citations in OpenAlex.
- Midazolam for sedation of infants in the neonatal intensive care unit.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Clinical rating scales for assessing pain in newborn infants.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Acupuncture for neonatal abstinence syndrome in newborn infants.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Acupuncture for hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy in neonates.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Positioning for lumbar puncture in newborn infants.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Positioning for lumbar puncture in newborn infants.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Systemic opioid regimens for postoperative pain in neonates.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Systemic opioids versus other analgesics and sedatives for postoperative pain in neonates.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Systemic opioid regimens for postoperative pain in neonates.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Pharmacological interventions for pain and sedation management in newborn infants undergoing therapeutic hypothermia.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Continuous glucose monitoring for the prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Opioids for newborn infants receiving mechanical ventilation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Continuous glucose monitoring for the prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Neonatal Pain, Agitation, and Sedation Scale's use, reliability, and validity: a systematic review.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2020Pooled it
- Methodological Issues in the Study of the Development of Pain Responsivity in Preterm Neonates: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Pooled it
- Clonidine for pain in non-ventilated infants.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Needle aspiration versus intercostal tube drainage for pneumothorax in the newborn.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Skin-to-skin care for procedural pain in neonates.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Evidence and consensus based guideline for the management of delirium, analgesia, and sedation in intensive care medicine. Revision 2015 (DAS-Guideline 2015) - short version.German medical science : GMS e-journal · 2015Guideline
82 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo establish beginning evidence of clinical validity and reliability of the Neonatal Pain, Agitation and Sedation Scale (N-PASS) in neonates with prolonged pain postoperatively and during mechanical ventilation. STUDY
designProspective psychometric evaluation. Two nurses administered the N-PASS simultaneously and independently before and after pharmacologic interventions for pain or sedation. One nurse also administered the premature infant pain profile (PIPP) concurrently with the N-PASS. The setting consisted of 50-bed level III neonatal intensive care unit. Convenience sample of 72 observations of 46 ventilated and/or postoperative infants, 0 to 100 days of age, gestational age 23 to 40 weeks was used. Outcome measures comprised convergent and construct validity, interrater reliability and internal consistency.
resultInterrater reliability measured by intraclass coefficients of 0.85 to 0.95 was high (P<0.001 to 0.0001). Convergent validity was demonstrated by correlation with the PIPP scores (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient of 0.83 at high pain scores, 0.61 at low pain scores). Internal consistency, measured by Cronbach's alpha, was evident with pain scores (0.82), and with sedation scores (0.87). Construct validity was established via the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, comparing the distribution of N-PASS scores before and after pharmacologic intervention showing pain scores of 4.86 (3.38) and 1.81 (1.53) (mean (s.d.), P<0.0001) and sedation scores of 0.85 (1.66) and -2.78 (2.81) (P<0.0001) for pre- and postintervention assessments, respectively.
conclusionsThis research provides beginning evidence that the N-PASS is a valid and reliable tool for assessing pain/agitation and sedation in ventilated and/or postoperative infants 0 to 100 days of age, and 23 weeks gestation and above.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.