ArticleBiology of reproduction2008
Glial cell missing 1 regulates placental growth factor (PGF) gene transcription in human trophoblast.
Article in Biology of reproduction, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Heme-bound iron activates placenta growth factor in erythroid cells via erythroid Krüppel-like factor.Blood · 2014Trial
- Characterizing glial cells missing transcription factor 1 (GCM1)'s role in regulating placental gene expression.Placenta · 2026Article
- Role of ubiquitin‑proteasome system in preeclampsia (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2026Review
- Rosiglitazone-Mediated Activation of PPARγ Induces PlGF Expression in Trophoblast Cells.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2025Article
- Wnt signaling activation confers a syncytiotrophoblast progenitor state on trophoblast stem cells of cynomolgus monkey†.Biology of reproduction · 2024Article
- Rosiglitazone-Mediated Activation of PPARγ Restores HO1 Expression in the Human Preeclamptic Placenta.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2023Article
- The Potential for Placental Activation of PPARγ to Improve the Angiogenic Profile in Preeclampsia.Cells · 2022Article
- Primary specification of blastocyst trophectoderm by scRNA-seq: New insights into embryo implantation.Science advances · 2022Article
- How trophoblasts fuse: an in-depth look into placental syncytiotrophoblast formation.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2022Review
- Syncytin-1 nonfusogenic activities modulate inflammation and contribute to preeclampsia pathogenesis.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2022Review
- Hyperglycaemia up-regulates placental growth factor (PlGF) expression and secretion in endothelial cells via suppression of PI3 kinase-Akt signalling and activation of FOXO1.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Induction of the PPARγ (Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ)-GCM1 (Glial Cell Missing 1) Syncytialization Axis Reduces sFLT1 (Soluble fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 1) in the Preeclamptic Placenta.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2021Article
- Uptake of Cerium Dioxide Nanoparticles and Impact on Viability, Differentiation and Functions of Primary Trophoblast Cells from Human Placenta.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- The orphan nuclear receptor NUR77 promotes trophoblast invasion at early pregnancy through paracrine placental growth factor.Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2019Article
- New insights into the regulation of placental growth factor gene expression by the transcription factors GCM1 and DLX3 in human placenta.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2018Article
- Redox-Sensitive Transcription Factor NRF2 Enhances Trophoblast Differentiation via Induction of miR-1246 and Aromatase.Endocrinology · 2018Article
- DLX3 interacts with GCM1 and inhibits its transactivation-stimulating activity in a homeodomain-dependent manner in human trophoblast-derived cells.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Primate-specific miR-515 family members inhibit key genes in human trophoblast differentiation and are upregulated in preeclampsia.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2016Article
- Placental endoplasmic reticulum stress negatively regulates transcription of placental growth factor via ATF4 and ATF6β: implications for the pathophysiology of human pregnancy complications.The Journal of pathology · 2016Article
- A Positive Feedback Loop between Glial Cells Missing 1 and Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) Regulates Placental hCGβ Expression and Cell Differentiation.Molecular and cellular biology · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Placental growth factor (PGF, previously known as PlGF) is prominently expressed by trophoblasts in human placenta, whereas most nontrophoblast cells express low levels of PGF mRNA under normal physiological conditions. We have shown that hypoxia decreases PGF expression in the trophoblast, but little is known about transcriptional regulation of PGF gene expression. We sought to determine promoter regions of the human PGF gene that contribute to its restricted high constitutive expression in the trophoblast. Overlapping putative promoter regions of human PGF gene encompassing 2-1.5 kb were cloned into reporter vectors and co-transfected into trophoblast and nontrophoblast cell lines. Promoter activity generated by a 2-1.5-kb clone was significantly higher in trophoblasts than in nontrophoblasts. Selective deletion mutants showed that a clone encompassing the PGF (2-828/++34) region generated promoter activity similar to the 2-1.5-kb region in the trophoblast. However, deletion of another 131 bp from this subclone (2-698/++34) resulted in significantly less promoter activity in the trophoblast. The (2-828/2-698) region significantly enhanced activity of a minimal promoter construct in trophoblast but not in nontrophoblast cells, suggesting that this region contributes to regulating PGF transcription in the trophoblast. Site-directed mutagenesis of a glial cell missing 1 (GCM1) motif in the 131-bp region significantly decreased enhancer activity in the trophoblast. Furthermore, overexpression of GCM1 significantly increased PGF 2-1.5-kb promoter activity and PGF mRNA expression in trophoblast and nontrophoblast cells. Forced overexpression of GCM1 restored PGF expression in the hypoxic trophoblast. These data support a functional role for GCM1 contributing to constitutively high trophoblast PGF expression and is the first direct evidence of an oxygen-responsive, trophoblast-specific transcription factor contributing to the regulation of PGF expression.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.