ArticleAIDS (London, England)2008
Spatial distribution of HIV prevalence and incidence among injection drugs users in St Petersburg: implications for HIV transmission.
Article in AIDS (London, England), 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Defining HIV-1 transmission clusters based on sequence data.AIDS (London, England) · 2017Pooled it
- Double jeopardy--drug and sex risks among Russian women who inject drugs: initial feasibility and efficacy results of a small randomized controlled trial.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2012Trial
- Article
- Spatial distribution of HIV, HCV, and co-infections among drug users in the southwestern border areas of China (2004-2014): a cohort study of a national methadone maintenance treatment program.BMC public health · 2017Article
- Rapid Decline in HIV Incidence Among Persons Who Inject Drugs During a Fast-Track Combination Prevention Program After an HIV Outbreak in Athens.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2017Article
- The Human Immunodeficiency Virus Endemic: Maintaining Disease Transmission in At-Risk Urban Areas.Sexually transmitted diseases · 2017Article
- Neighborhood-Level and Spatial Characteristics Associated with Lay Naloxone Reversal Events and Opioid Overdose Deaths.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2016Article
- Triangulating Syndemic Services and Drug Treatment Policy: Improving Drug Treatment Portal Locations in Baltimore City.Progress in community health partnerships : research, education, and action · 2016Article
- Emergence of methadone as a street drug in St. Petersburg, Russia.The International journal on drug policy · 2016Article
- Assessing the geographic coverage and spatial clustering of illicit drug users recruited through respondent-driven sampling in New York City.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2015Article
- The AIDS epidemic and economic input impact factors in Chongqing, China, from 2006 to 2012: a spatial-temporal analysis.BMJ open · 2015Article
- Spatial analysis of HIV positive injection drug users in San Francisco, 1987 to 2005.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2014Article
- Automated analysis of phylogenetic clusters.BMC bioinformatics · 2013Article
- Individual and neighborhood correlates of membership in drug using networks with a higher prevalence of HIV in New York City (2006-2009).Annals of epidemiology · 2013Article
- Inebriation, drinking motivations and sexual risk taking among sexually transmitted disease clinic patients in St. Petersburg, Russia.AIDS and behavior · 2013Article
- Partner violence perpetration and victimization and HIV risk behaviors in St. Petersburg, Russia.Journal of traumatic stress · 2012Article
- Geographic information system-based screening for TB, HIV, and syphilis (GIS-THIS): a cross-sectional study.PloS one · 2012Article
- Estimates of HIV incidence among drug users in St. Petersburg, Russia: continued growth of a rapidly expanding epidemic.European journal of public health · 2011Article
- Sexually transmitted disease core theory: roles of person, place, and time.American journal of epidemiology · 2011Article
- Estimation of the number of injection drug users in St. Petersburg, Russia.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2010Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionThe HIV/AIDS epidemic in St Petersburg, as in much of Russia, is concentrated among injection drug users (IDU) in whom prevalence reached 30% in 2003. Understanding the dynamics of the epidemic is important in developing appropriate responses in the resource-constrained context of Russian cities such as St Petersburg.
methodsIDU were contacted and screened to create a seronegative cohort for prevention and vaccine studies. At screening, individuals provided sociodemographic, drug use, and injection and sex-related risk behavior data. Seronegative individuals who enrolled in the cohort were followed for one year and tested for HIV semiannually. Residential addresses were entered into a geographical information system programme and analysed for spatial clustering using Moran's I and nearest-neighbor analysis.
resultsWe mapped 788 of the 900 study participants to discrete locations within St Petersburg; 236 (29.9%) were HIV seropositive at baseline. Although there was no clustering of the study population as a whole, HIV-infected individuals were tightly clustered and prevalence co-clustered with high frequency of heroin injection, receptive syringe sharing, being younger than 24 years, and living with parents. These clusters were restricted to 5% of populated areas of the city. We mapped 18 of 20 incident cases detected among the cohort, and more than half were located within or adjacent to the clusters.
interpretationSpatial analysis identified linkages between disease prevalence and risky injection behaviors that were not evident using traditional epidemiological analysis. The analysis also identified where resources might be allocated geographically for maximum impact in slowing the HIV epidemic among IDU.
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