ReviewAutonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical2008
Putative mechanisms behind effects of spinal cord stimulation on vascular diseases: a review of experimental studies.
Review in Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 54 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Single Blinded, Randomized Control Trial of High Frequency Stimulation in Subjects With Precision® Spinal Cord Stimulator System to Assess Efficacy and Preferability in Back and Extremity Pain Relief
Investigating Mechanisms of Human Spinal Cord Stimulation for Purpose of Treating Restless Leg Syndrome
Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 174 citations in OpenAlex.
- Spinal Cord Stimulation for Refractory Angina Pectoris: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.The Clinical journal of pain · 2017Pooled it
- Spinal cord stimulation in the treatment of refractory angina: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2009Pooled it
- Acute electromyostimulation decreases muscle sympathetic nerve activity in patients with advanced chronic heart failure (EMSICA Study).PloS one · 2013Trial
- Spinal Cord Stimulation for Non-Reconstructable Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia: A Real-World, Multidisciplinary, Single-Center Experience.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Brain‑heart axis: Neurostimulation techniques in ischemic heart disease (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Article
- The short-term spinal cord stimulation improves the rates of tracheal decannulation in patients of brain injury with disorders of consciousness.BMC neuroscience · 2025Article
- Effect of Spinal Cord Stimulation on Skin Temperature in Patients with Neuropathic Pain: An Observational Study.Journal of pain research · 2025Article
- Neuroscience of the human thalamus related to acute pain and chronic "thalamic" pain.Journal of neurophysiology · 2024Review
- Psychophysical and Functional Outcomes in Chemotherapy-induced Peripheral Neuropathy After Spinal Cord Stimulation: A Narrative Review and Case Series.Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society · 2024Review
- Spinal Cord Stimulation for Intractable Chronic Limb Ischemia: A Narrative Review.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2024Review
- The proarrhythmogenic role of autonomics and emerging neuromodulation approaches to prevent sudden death in cardiac ion channelopathies.Cardiovascular research · 2024Review
- Effectiveness of spinal cord stimulation in diabetic patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia: small cohort study.Frontiers in surgery · 2024Article
- KThe Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2023Article
- Pain-induced autonomic dysreflexia secondary to spinal cord injury with significant improvement after spinal cord stimulator implantation.Interventional pain medicine · 2023Article
- Lumbar Sympathetic Ganglion Block Facilitates Wound Healing in a Rat Ischemic Hindquarter Model.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2023Article
- Spinal cord stimulation in non-reconstructable critical limb ischemia: a retrospective study of 71 cases.Acta neurochirurgica · 2023Article
- The Effect of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation in Peripheral and Central Hemodynamic Parameters on Resistant Hypertension: A Case Report.Vascular health and risk management · 2023Article
- Neuromodulation in patients with refractory angina pectoris: a review.European heart journal open · 2023Review
- Neuromodulation devices for heart failureEuropean heart journal supplements : journal of the European Society of Cardiology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a widely used clinical technique to treat ischemic pain in peripheral, cardiac and cerebral vascular diseases. The use of this treatment advanced rapidly during the late 80's and 90's, particularly in Europe. Although the clinical benefits of SCS are clear and the success rate remains high, the mechanisms are not yet completely understood. SCS at lumbar spinal segments (L2-L3) produces vasodilation in the lower limbs and feet which is mediated by antidromic activation of sensory fibers and decreased sympathetic outflow. SCS at thoracic spinal segments (T1-T2) induces several benefits including pain relief, reduction in both frequency and severity of angina attacks, and reduced short-acting nitrate intake. The benefits to the heart are not likely due to an increase, or redistribution of local blood flow, rather, they are associated with SCS-induced myocardial protection and normalization of the intrinsic cardiac nervous system. At somewhat lower cervical levels (C3-C6), SCS induces increased blood flow in the upper extremities. SCS at the upper cervical spinal segments (C1-C2) increased cerebral blood flow, which is associated with a decrease in sympathetic activity, an increase in vasomotor center activity and a release of neurohumoral factors. This review will summarize the basic science studies that have contributed to our understanding about mechanisms through which SCS produces beneficial effects when used in the treatment of vascular diseases. Furthermore, this review will particularly focus on the antidromic mechanisms of SCS-induced vasodilation in the lower limbs and feet.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.