ArticlePreventing chronic disease2008
Smoking status as a predictor of hip fracture risk in postmenopausal women of northwest Texas.
Article in Preventing chronic disease, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Predictors of osteoporotic fracture in postmenopausal women: a meta-analysis.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2023Pooled it
- Association between age at menopause and fracture risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Endocrine · 2019Pooled it
- Association between Smoking Status and the Risk of Hip Fracture in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Nationwide Population-Based Study.Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea) · 2023Article
- Fracture, nonunion and postoperative infection risk in the smoking orthopaedic patient: a systematic review and meta-analysis.EFORT open reviews · 2021Review
- Current and former smokers and hip fractures.Journal of frailty, sarcopenia and falls · 2018Review
- The Prevalence and risk factors of osteoporosis among the elderly in Hamadan province: A cross sectional study.Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran · 2018Article
- The effects of smoking on bone metabolism.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2012Review
- The endocrine effects of nicotine and cigarette smoke.Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM · 2012Review
- Effect of epimedium pubescen flavonoid on bone mineral status and bone turnover in male rats chronically exposed to cigarette smoke.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2012Article
- Bone turnover in passive smoking female rat: relationships to change in bone mineral density.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2011Article
- Association of osteoporotic fracture with smoking, alcohol consumption, tea consumption and exercise among Chinese nonagenarians/centenarians.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2011Article
- Adverse Effects of Smoking on Musculoskeletal Health.Missouri medicineReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThe purpose of this study was to determine the effect of cigarette smoking on the risk of hip fracture for postmenopausal women living in rural and urban areas of Northwest Texas.
methodsUsing an unmatched case-control design, we compared postmenopausal women who had recently experienced osteoporotic hip fracture with women who had not. Both study groups completed a questionnaire on demographic, clinical, and behavioral risk factors for osteoporotic hip fracture. We categorized smoking status as never smoked, former smoker, and current smoker. Covariates included age, weight, age at menopause, physical activity, estrogen replacement, calcium supplementation, and rurality. We used univariate and multivariate logistic regressions to test the associations between hip fracture and the independent variables of interest.
resultsWe found an increased risk of hip fracture for former smokers (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 2.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.22-4.21) and current smokers (adjusted OR, 3.72; 95% CI, 1.59-8.70). Residence in a rural county (population <100,000) also was associated with increased risk (adjusted OR, 2.71; 95% CI, 1.48-4.95).
conclusionFormer and current smoking increased the risk of hip fracture in this population of postmenopausal women.
Indexed as
Identifiers
18081998PMC2248794W2123341425What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.