ArticleNeuro-oncology2008
Flt3L and TK gene therapy eradicate multifocal glioma in a syngeneic glioblastoma model.
Article in Neuro-oncology, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 77 citations in OpenAlex.
- Knockdown of Tousled‑like kinase 1 inhibits survival of glioblastoma multiforme cells.International journal of molecular medicine · 2020Pooled it
- In Vivo CAR-Based Immune Cell Engineering: Future Applications and Challenges in Malignant Glioma.Cancers · 2026Review
- Personalized CRISPR knock-in cytokine gene therapy to remodel the tumor microenvironment and enhance CAR T cell therapy in solid tumors.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Promising Cancer Vaccine for Glioblastoma Therapy: A Focus on mRNA Vaccine.Cancer medicine · 2025Review
- A review of diffuse hemispheric glioma, H3 G34-mutant disease development, DNA repair, microenvironment, and treatments on the horizon.NPJ precision oncology · 2025Review
- Cytokine Modification of Adoptive Chimeric Antigen Receptor Immunotherapy for Glioblastoma.Cancers · 2023Review
- IL7 and IL7 Flt3L co-expressing CAR T cells improve therapeutic efficacy in mouse EGFRvIII heterogeneous glioblastoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Targeting the dendritic cell-T cell axis to develop effective immunotherapies for glioblastoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Current Immunotherapeutic Approaches for Malignant Gliomas.Brain tumor research and treatment · 2022Review
- Overcoming delivery barriers in immunotherapy for glioblastoma.Drug delivery and translational research · 2021Review
- Immunologic aspects of viral therapy for glioblastoma and implications for interactions with immunotherapies.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2021Review
- Using viral vectors to deliver local immunotherapy to glioblastoma.Neurosurgical focus · 2021Review
- Zika virus oncolytic activity requires CD8+ T cells and is boosted by immune checkpoint blockade.JCI insight · 2021Article
- Therapeutic Efficacy of Immune Stimulatory Thymidine Kinase and fms-like Tyrosine Kinase 3 Ligand (TK/Flt3L) Gene Therapy in a Mouse Model of High-Grade Brainstem Glioma.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2020Article
- Immunology of Adenoviral Vectors in Cancer Therapy.Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2019Review
- Long-term treatment with valganciclovir improves lentiviral suicide gene therapy of glioblastoma.Neuro-oncology · 2019Article
- Synergistic Effects of Bortezomib-OV Therapy and Anti-Invasive Strategies in Glioblastoma: A Mathematical Model.Cancers · 2019Article
- Evolutionary basis of a new gene- and immune-therapeutic approach for the treatment of malignant brain tumors: from mice to clinical trials for glioma patients.Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) · 2018Review
- Current state and future prospects of immunotherapy for glioma.Immunotherapy · 2018Review
- Oncolytic Adenovirus and Tumor-Targeting Immune Modulatory Therapy Improve Autologous Cancer Vaccination.Cancer research · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The disseminated characteristics of human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) make it a particularly difficult tumor to treat with long-term efficacy. Most preclinical models of GBM involve treatment of a single tumor mass. For therapeutic outcomes to translate from the preclinical to the clinical setting, induction of an antitumor response capable of eliminating multifocal disease is essential. We tested the hypothesis that expression of Flt3L (human soluble FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand) and TK (herpes simplex virus type 1-thymidine kinase) within brain gliomas would mediate regression of the primary, treated tumor mass and a secondary, untreated tumor growing at a distant site from the primary tumor and the site of therapeutic vector injection. In both the single-GBM and multifocal-GBM models used, all saline-treated control animals succumbed to tumors by day 22. Around 70% of the animals bearing a single GBM mass treated with an adenovirus expressing Flt3L (AdFlt3L) and an adenovirus expressing TK (AdTK + GCV) survived long term. Approximately 50% of animals bearing a large primary GBM that were implanted with a second GBM in the contralateral hemisphere at the same time the primary tumors were being treated with AdFlt3L and AdTK also survived long term. A second multifocal GBM model, in which bilateral GBMs were implanted simultaneously and only the right tumor mass was treated with AdFlt3L and AdTK, also demonstrated long-term survival. While no significant difference in survival was found between unifocal and multifocal GBM-bearing animals treated with AdFlt3L and AdTK, both treatments were statistically different from the saline-treated control group (p < 0.05). Our results demonstrate that combination therapy with AdFlt3L and AdTK can eradicate multifocal brain tumor disease in a syngeneic, intracranial GBM model.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.