ArticleBMJ (Clinical research ed.)2008
Risk of respiratory morbidity in term infants delivered by elective caesarean section: cohort study.
Article in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03239327 (Vaginal Misoprostol Before Elective Cesarean Section to Improve Neonatal Respiratory Outcomes . Randomized Controlled Clinical Study), which is not on this map. Cited by 160 papers, 14 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Vaginal Misoprostol Before Elective Cesarean Section to Improve Neonatal Respiratory Outcomes . Randomized Controlled Clinical Study
Who cites it
160 citing papers in PubMed, 14 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 576 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antenatal corticosteroids in specific groups at risk of preterm birth: a systematic review.BMJ open · 2023Pooled it
- Interventions for the management of transient tachypnoea of the newborn - an overview of systematic reviews.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- The association of birth by caesarean section and cognitive outcomes in offspring: a systematic review.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2021Pooled it
- Salbutamol for transient tachypnea of the newborn.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Pediatrics Consequences of Caesarean Section-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Pooled it
- A systematic review and time-response meta-analysis of the optimal timing of elective caesarean sections for best maternal and neonatal health outcomes.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2020Pooled it
- Non-invasive respiratory support for the management of transient tachypnea of the newborn.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Postnatal corticosteroids for transient tachypnoea of the newborn.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Elective Cesarean Section on Term Pregnancies Has a High Risk for Neonatal Respiratory Morbidity in Developed Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2020Pooled it
- Mass media campaigns to reduce unnecessary caesarean sections: a systematic review.BMJ global health · 2020Pooled it
- Epinephrine for transient tachypnea of the newborn.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2016Pooled it
- Prostaglandins before caesarean section for preventing neonatal respiratory distress.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2013Pooled it
- Caesarean section versus vaginal delivery for preterm birth in singletons.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2013Pooled it
- Caesarean section versus vaginal delivery for preterm birth in singletons.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2012Pooled it
- Nebulized salbutamol for the treatment of transient tachypnea of the newborn: a randomized controlled trial.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2025Trial
- Predictors of successful treatment of respiratory distress with aerosolized calfactant.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Efficacy of Wang Nam Yen herbal tea on human milk production: A randomized controlled trial.PloS one · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Birth experience in newborn infants is associated with changes in nociceptive sensitivity.Scientific reports · 2019Trial
100 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo investigate the association between elective caesarean sections and neonatal respiratory morbidity and the importance of timing of elective caesarean sections.
designCohort study with prospectively collected data from the Aarhus birth cohort, Denmark.
settingObstetric department and neonatal department of a university hospital in Denmark.
participantsAll liveborn babies without malformations, with gestational ages between 37 and 41 weeks, and delivered between 1 January 1998 and 31 December 2006 (34 458 babies).
main outcome measuresRespiratory morbidity (transitory tachypnoea of the newborn, respiratory distress syndrome, persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn) and serious respiratory morbidity (oxygen therapy for more than two days, nasal continuous positive airway pressure, or need for mechanical ventilation).
results2687 infants were delivered by elective caesarean section. Compared with newborns intended for vaginal delivery, an increased risk of respiratory morbidity was found for infants delivered by elective caesarean section at 37 weeks' gestation (odds ratio 3.9, 95% confidence interval 2.4 to 6.5), 38 weeks' gestation (3.0, 2.1 to 4.3), and 39 weeks' gestation (1.9, 1.2 to 3.0). The increased risks of serious respiratory morbidity showed the same pattern but with higher odds ratios: a fivefold increase was found at 37 weeks (5.0, 1.6 to16.0). These results remained essentially unchanged after exclusion of pregnancies complicated by diabetes, pre-eclampsia, and intrauterine growth retardation, or by breech presentation.
conclusionCompared with newborns delivered vaginally or by emergency caesarean sections, those delivered by elective caesarean section around term have an increased risk of overall and serious respiratory morbidity. The relative risk increased with decreasing gestational age.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.