ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2007
Nucleomorph genome of Hemiselmis andersenii reveals complete intron loss and compaction as a driver of protein structure and function.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 76 papers.
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76 citing papers in PubMed, 152 citations in OpenAlex.
- The shortest animal introns: insights from parasitic cnidarians.Molecular biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Tandem duplication-driven expansion and UV-B stress adaptation of the LHC gene family in Artemisia annua L.BMC plant biology · 2026Article
- Comprehensive analysis of the Kinetoplastea intron landscape reveals a novel intron-containing gene and the first exclusively trans-splicing eukaryote.BMC biology · 2024Article
- The Last Universal Common Ancestor of Ribosome-Encoding Organisms: Portrait of LUCA.Journal of molecular evolution · 2024Review
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- Phylogeny and adaptive evolution of subgenus Rhizirideum (Amaryllidaceae, Allium) based on plastid genomes.BMC plant biology · 2023Article
- Article
- Intron losses and gains in the nematodes.Biology direct · 2022Article
- The chromatin organization of a chlorarachniophyte nucleomorph genome.Genome biology · 2022Article
- Putative genome features of relic green alga-derived nuclei in dinoflagellates and future perspectives as model organisms.Communicative & integrative biology · 2020Article
- Dinoflagellates with relic endosymbiont nuclei as models for elucidating organellogenesis.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020Article
- The Known, the New, and a Possible Surprise: A Re-Evaluation of the Nucleomorph-Encoded Proteome of Cryptophytes.Genome biology and evolution · 2019Article
- Relative Mutation Rates in Nucleomorph-Bearing Algae.Genome biology and evolution · 2019Article
- Nucleomorph Small RNAs in Cryptophyte and Chlorarachniophyte Algae.Genome biology and evolution · 2019Article
- Phylogeny of ChineseFrontiers in plant science · 2019Article
- Microsporidian Introns Retained against a Background of Genome Reduction: Characterization of an Unusual Set of Introns.Genome biology and evolution · 2019Article
- Complex Evolutionary History of Translation Elongation Factor 2 and Diphthamide Biosynthesis in Archaea and Parabasalids.Genome biology and evolution · 2018Article
- Iron-Sulfur Cluster Biosynthesis in Algae with Complex Plastids.Genome biology and evolution · 2018Article
- Evolution and Diversity of Pre-mRNA Splicing in Highly Reduced Nucleomorph Genomes.Genome biology and evolution · 2018Article
- Domestication of self-splicing introns during eukaryogenesis: the rise of the complex spliceosomal machinery.Biology direct · 2017Review
16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Nucleomorphs are the remnant nuclei of algal endosymbionts that took up residence inside a nonphotosynthetic eukaryotic host. The nucleomorphs of cryptophytes and chlorarachniophytes are derived from red and green algal endosymbionts, respectively, and represent a stunning example of convergent evolution: their genomes have independently been reduced and compacted to <1 megabase pairs (Mbp) in size (the smallest nuclear genomes known) and to a similar three-chromosome architecture. The molecular processes underlying genome reduction and compaction in eukaryotes are largely unknown, as is the impact of reduction/compaction on protein structure and function. Here, we present the complete 0.572-Mbp nucleomorph genome of the cryptophyte Hemiselmis andersenii and show that it is completely devoid of spliceosomal introns and genes for splicing RNAs-a case of complete intron loss in a nuclear genome. Comparison of H. andersenii proteins to those encoded in the slightly smaller (0.551-Mbp) nucleomorph genome of another cryptophyte, Guillardia theta, and to their homologs in the unicellular red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae reveal that (i) cryptophyte nucleomorph genomes encode proteins that are significantly smaller than those in their free-living algal ancestors, and (ii) the smaller, more compact G. theta nucleomorph genome encodes significantly smaller proteins than that of H. andersenii. These results indicate that genome compaction can eliminate both coding and noncoding DNA and, consequently, drive the evolution of protein structure and function. Nucleomorph proteins have the potential to reveal the minimal functional units required for basic eukaryotic cellular processes.
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