ReviewInternational psychogeriatrics2008
Hormonal treatment, mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease.
Review in International psychogeriatrics, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed.
- Characteristics of hormone therapy, cognitive function, and dementia: the prospective 3C Study.Neurology · 2009Trial
- Advancing evidence-based regulation: Organization for the Study of Sex Differences and Society for Women's Health Research support FDA action on menopausal hormone therapy and encourage broader sex-informed drug label updates.Biology of sex differences · 2026Review
- Epimedin C: A promising neuroprotective agent that can participate in mediating the JNK/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway to prevent neurodegenerative diseases.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2026Article
- One size does not fit all: how type of menopause and hormone therapy matters for brain health.The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science · 2025Review
- Molecular Modeling Insights on the Pharmaceuticals and Hypotheses of Alzheimer's Disease.Current medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- Linkage of premature and early menopause with psychosocial well-being: a moderated multiple mediation approach.BMC psychology · 2023Article
- Ginsenoside Rg1 improves pathological damages by activating the p21‑p53‑STK pathway in ovary and Bax‑Bcl2 in the uterus in premature ovarian insufficiency mouse models.Molecular medicine reports · 2021Article
- Future Therapeutic Perspectives into the Alzheimer's Disease Targeting the Oxidative Stress Hypothesis.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Review
- Why estrogens matter for behavior and brain health.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2017Review
- An enriched environment and 17-beta estradiol produce similar pro-cognitive effects on ovariectomized rats.Cognitive processing · 2016Article
- STX, a Novel Membrane Estrogen Receptor Ligand, Protects Against Amyloid-β Toxicity.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2016Article
- Enhanced Neuroactivation during Working Memory Task in Postmenopausal Women Receiving Hormone Therapy: A Coordinate-Based Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2015Review
- Genistein partly eases aging and estropause-induced primary cortical neuronal changes in rats.PloS one · 2014Article
- Effects of synaptic plasticity regulated by 17beta-estradiol on learning and memory in rats with Alzheimer's disease.Neuroscience bulletin · 2010Article
- Low doses of 17alpha-estradiol and 17beta-estradiol facilitate, whereas higher doses of estrone and 17alpha- and 17beta-estradiol impair, contextual fear conditioning in adult female rats.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2010Article
- Genetics of Alzheimer's disease: recent advances.Genome medicine · 2009Article
- Dietary inflammation factor rating system and risk of Alzheimer disease in elders.Alzheimer disease and associated disordersArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A plethora of in vitro and in vivo studies have supported the neuroprotective role of estrogens and their impact on the neurotransmitter systems implicated in cognition. Recent hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) trials in non-demented postmenopausal women suggest a temporary positive effect (notably on verbal memory), and four meta-analyses converge to suggest a possible protective effect in relation to Alzheimer's disease (reducing risk by 29 to 44%). However, data from the only large randomized controlled trial published to date, the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study, did not confirm these observations and have even suggested an increase in dementia risk for women using HRT compared to controls. Apart from methodological differences, one key shortcoming of this trial has probably been the focus on late-onset (postmenopausal) hormonal changes, i.e. at a time when the neurodegenerative process has already begun and without taking into account individual lifetime exposure to hormone variability. Multifactorial models based on an exhaustive view of all hormonal events throughout the reproductive life (rather than on a specific exposure to a given steroid) together with other risk factors (notably genetic risk factors related to estrogen receptor polymorphisms) should be explored to clarify the role of hormonal risk factors, or protective factors for cognitive dysfunction and dementia.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.