ArticleAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy2008
Thiopurine drugs azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine inhibit Mycobacterium paratuberculosis growth in vitro.
Article in Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 35 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Microbiota and Drug Response in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
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- Metabolic interventions for the prevention and treatment of daptomycin non-susceptibility in Staphylococcus aureus.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2019Article
- Nucleoside Analogues as Antibacterial Agents.Frontiers in microbiology · 2019Review
- Gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease.Clinical journal of gastroenterology · 2018Review
- The Clinical Importance ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2018Review
- Phagocytosis and Epithelial Cell Invasion by Crohn's Disease-Associated Adherent-InvasiveFrontiers in microbiology · 2018Article
- Metabolic Mitigation of Staphylococcus aureus Vancomycin Intermediate-Level Susceptibility.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2018Article
- Deciphering the Function of New Gonococcal Vaccine Antigens Using Phenotypic Microarrays.Journal of bacteriology · 2017Article
- Anaerobic adaptation ofGut pathogens · 2017Article
- Azathioprine, Mercaptopurine, and 5-Aminosalicylic Acid Affect the Growth of IBD-AssociatedFrontiers in microbiology · 2017Article
- NlpC/P60 domain-containing proteins of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis that differentially bind and hydrolyze peptidoglycan.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The in vitro susceptibility of human- and bovine-origin Mycobacterium paratuberculosis to the thioupurine drugs 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) and azathioprine (AZA) was established using conventional plate counting methods and the MGIT 960 ParaTB culture system. Both 6-MP and AZA had antibacterial activity against M. paratuberculosis; isolates from Crohn's disease patients tended to be more susceptible than were bovine-origin isolates. Isolates of Mycobacterium avium, used as controls, were generally resistant to both AZA and 6-MP, even at high concentrations (> or =64.0 microg/ml). Among rapidly growing mycobacteria, Mycobacterium phlei was susceptible to 6-MP and AZA whereas Mycobacterium smegmatis strains were not. AZA and 6-MP limited the growth of, but did not kill, M. paratuberculosis in a dose-dependent manner. Anti-inflammatory drugs in the sulfonamide family (sulfapyridine, sulfasalazine, and 5-aminosalycilic acid [mesalamine]) had little or no antibacterial activity against M. paratuberculosis. The conventional antibiotics azithromycin and ciprofloxacin, used as control drugs, were bactericidal for M. paratuberculosis, exerting their killing effects on the organism relatively quickly. Simultaneous exposure of M. paratuberculosis to 6-MP and ciprofloxacin resulted in significantly higher CFU than use of ciprofloxacin alone. These data may partially explain the paradoxical response of Crohn's disease patients infected with M. paratuberculosis to treatment with immunosuppressive thiopurine drugs, i.e., they do not worsen with anti-inflammatory treatment as would be expected with a microbiological etiologic pathogen. These findings also should influence the design of therapeutic trials to evaluate antibiotic treatments of Crohn's disease: AZA drugs may confound interpretation of data on therapeutic responses for both antibiotic-treated and control groups.
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