ArticleProstaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids
Brain metabolism of nutritionally essential polyunsaturated fatty acids depends on both the diet and the liver.
Article in Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 111 papers.
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Who cites it
111 citing papers in PubMed, 285 citations in OpenAlex.
- Supplementation with Flaxseed Oil Rich in Alpha-Linolenic Acid Improves Verbal Fluency in Healthy Older Adults.Nutrients · 2023Trial
- Docosahexaenoic acid is a beneficial replacement treatment for spinocerebellar ataxia 38.Annals of neurology · 2017Trial
- Omega-3 fatty acids in first-episode schizophrenia - a randomized controlled study of efficacy and relapse prevention (OFFER): rationale, design, and methods.BMC psychiatry · 2015Trial
- The Emerging Parkinson's Disease Oxylipin-Ome.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Influences of Diet Quality, Nursery-Habitat Complexity and Sex on Brain Development and Cognitive Performance of Brown Trout (Ecology and evolution · 2025Article
- Differential impact of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in an animal model of Alzheimer's disease.Journal of lipid research · 2024Article
- Iron Reduces the Trafficking of Fatty Acids from Human Immortalised Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells Through Modulation of Fatty Acid Transport Protein 1 (FATP1/SLC27A1).Pharmaceutical research · 2024Article
- Short-term dietary changes are reflected in the cerebral content of adult ring-billed gulls.Royal Society open science · 2024Article
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- Review
- Western diet increases brain metabolism and adaptive immune responses in a mouse model of amyloidosis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- Mental health in society's margins: poorThe British journal of nutrition · 2024Article
- Dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids reduce cytochrome c oxidase in brain white matter and sensorimotor regions while increasing functional interactions between neural systems related to escape behavior in postpartum rats.Frontiers in systems neuroscience · 2024Article
- Large-Scale Population-Based Studies of Blood Metabolome and Brain Health.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2024Review
- The Role of Hemp (Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Promising Sources of Plant-Derived Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: A Narrative Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Review
- Lipid Adaptations against Oxidative Challenge in the Healthy Adult Human Brain.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- The supplementation of a high dose of fish oil during pregnancy and lactation led to an elevation in Mfsd2a expression without any changes in docosahexaenoic acid levels in the retina of healthy 2-month-old mouse offspring.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- The fatty acid imbalance of cystic fibrosis exists at birth independent of feeding in pig and ferret models.Clinical science (London, England : 1979) · 2022Article
- Dietary Fatty Acid Composition Impacts the Fatty Acid Profiles of Different Regions of the Bovine Brain.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
51 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Plasma alpha-linolenic acid (alpha-LNA, 18:3n-3) and linoleic acid (LA, 18:2n-6) do not contribute significantly to the brain content of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) or arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4n-6), respectively, and neither DHA nor AA can be synthesized de novo in vertebrate tissue. Therefore, measured rates of incorporation of circulating DHA and AA into brain exactly represent their rates of consumption by brain. Positron emission tomography (PET) has been used to show, based on this information, that the adult human brain consumes AA and DHA at rates of 17.8 and 4.6 mg/day, respectively, and that AA consumption does not change significantly with age. In unanesthetized adult rats fed an n-3 PUFA "adequate" diet containing 4.6% alpha-LNA (of total fatty acids) as its only n-3 PUFA, the rate of liver synthesis of DHA was more than sufficient to maintain brain DHA, whereas the brain's rate of DHA synthesis is very low and unable to do so. Reducing dietary alpha-LNA in the DHA-free diet led to upregulation of liver but not brain coefficients of alpha-LNA conversion to DHA and of liver expression of elongases and desaturases that catalyze this conversion. Concurrently, brain DHA loss slowed due to downregulation of several of its DHA-metabolizing enzymes. Dietary alpha-LNA deficiency also promoted accumulation of brain docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-6), and upregulated expression of AA-metabolizing enzymes, including cytosolic and secretory phospholipases A(2) and cyclooxygenase-2. These changes, plus reduced levels of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) in n-3 PUFA diet deficient rats, likely render their brain more vulnerable to neuropathological insults.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.