ArticleJournal of athletic training
Bone mineral density in collegiate female athletes: comparisons among sports.
Article in Journal of athletic training. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 125 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of Exercise and Sports Intervention and the Involvement Level on the Mineral Health of Different Bone Sites in the Leg, Hip, and Spine: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Lean and fat mass associations with areal bone mineral density in adolescent team sport athletes.Journal of bone and mineral metabolism · 2026Article
- Seasonal changes in bone mineral parameters and body composition in youth football players.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2026Article
- A Longitudinal Evaluation of Bone Mineral Density Across a Macrocycle in Highly Trained Female Athletes: A Systematic Review.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Bone Health in Former Artistic Gymnasts Aged 45 Years and Over: Case-Control Comparison with Controls and Reference Populations.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Lower Bone Mineral Density in Female Elite Athletes With Menstrual Dysfunction From Mixed Sports.Translational sports medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- High-molecular-weight Hyaluronan Administration Inhibits Bone Resorption and Promotes Bone Formation in Young-age Osteoporosis Rats.The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society · 2024Article
- Bone Mineral Density in Field Hockey Players: A Systematic Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Bone Mineral Density and Content among Iranian Elite Male Athletes in Different Sports.The archives of bone and joint surgery · 2023Article
- Awareness and Knowledge of Medical Issues Related to Female Athletes Among Track and Field Coaches.Open access journal of sports medicine · 2023Article
- The Prevalence of Menstrual Cycle Disorders in Female Athletes from Different Sports Disciplines: A Rapid Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- Association of Short-Term Changes in Menstrual Frequency, Medication Use, Weight and Exercise on Bone Mineral Density in College-Aged Women.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Strength Training in Swimming.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- Contemporary Variables that Impact Sleep and Development in Female Adolescent Swimmers and Gymnasts.Sports medicine - open · 2021Review
- Risk Factors, Diagnosis and Management of Bone Stress Injuries in Adolescent Athletes: A Narrative Review.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Biomechanical properties of anuran long bones: correlations with locomotor modes and habitat use.Journal of anatomy · 2020Article
- 25-Hydroxyvitamin D, Vitamin D Binding Protein, Bioavailable 25-Hydroxyvitamin D, and Body Composition in a Diverse Sample of Women Collegiate Indoor Athletes.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2020Article
- Site-Specific Effects of Swimming on Bone Density in Female Collegiate Swimmers.International journal of exercise science · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
contextSome female athletes may have decreased bone mineral density (BMD), which puts them at higher risk for stress fractures and future osteoporosis.
objectiveTo compare site-specific BMD among National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I varsity female athletes and to determine predictor variables of BMD measurements.
designBetween-groups design.
settingUniversity health care system. PATIENTS OR OTHER
participantsAll women varsity athletes were invited to participate in a cross-sectional study. Of 12 sports, we obtained complete data from 99 women (mean age = 20.2 +/- 1.3 years) representing gymnastics, softball, cross-country, track, field hockey, soccer, crew, and swimming/diving. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Each participant was weighed, measured, and questioned about her menstrual status. Using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, we measured total-body BMD and region-of-interest scores for lumbar spine, pelvis, and average leg (average from right and left leg measurements) BMD. Using analyses of covariance, we compared BMD measurements among sports at each site while controlling for menstrual status and mass, and we performed a stepwise regression analysis to determine significant predictors of BMD at each site.
resultsTwenty-three athletes were oligomenorrheic or amenorrheic. Runners had the lowest total-body (1.079 +/- 0.055 g.cm (-2)) and site-specific ( P < .01) BMD values for every site except average leg score when compared with gymnasts and softball players. Swimmers and divers had significantly lower average leg BMD (1.117 +/- 0.086 g.cm (-2)) than athletes in every other sport except runners and rowers ( P < .01). Regression analysis revealed only mass and sport as significant predictors of total-body BMD.
conclusionsRunners and swimmers and divers demonstrated some deficits in site-specific BMD values when compared with athletes in other sports. When treating a female varsity athlete, athletic trainers should consider her mass and sport type with regard to her bone health.
Indexed as
Identifiers
18059997PMC1978462W1511299889What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.