ArticleJournal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology2008
Relationships between levels of volatile organic compounds in air and blood from the general population.
Article in Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 75 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of oil spill cleanup-related hydrocarbon exposure with incident hypertension up to 11 years after exposure in the Gulf Long-term Follow-up Study.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2025Article
- Blood concentrations of volatile organic compounds and hypertension in the GuLF Study.The Science of the total environment · 2025Article
- Association of oil spill cleanup-related hydrocarbon exposure with hypertension and blood pressure in the Gulf Long-term Follow-up Study.The Science of the total environment · 2025Article
- Bayesian refinement of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for ethylbenzene pharmacokinetics in mice, rats, and humans.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2025Article
- Article
- Blood Concentrations of Volatile Organic Compounds Among US Workers From Various Trades.Journal of occupational and environmental medicine · 2023Article
- Smoking is associated with elevated blood level of volatile organic compounds: a population-based analysis of NHANES 2017-2018.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2023Article
- Association of metabolites of benzene and toluene with lipid profiles in Korean adults: Korean National Environmental Health Survey (2015-2017).BMC public health · 2022Article
- Associations between select blood VOCs and hematological measures in NHANES 2005-2010.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2021Article
- Blood BTEXS and heavy metal levels are associated with liver injury and systemic inflammation in Gulf states residents.Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association · 2020Article
- Reproductive and developmental health effects of prenatal exposure to tetrachloroethylene-contaminated drinking water.Environmental science. Processes & impacts · 2020Article
- Determinants of environmental styrene exposure in Gulf coast residents.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2019Article
- The hematologic effects of BTEX exposure among elderly residents in Nanjing: a cross-sectional study.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2019Article
- Predictors of blood volatile organic compound levels in Gulf coast residents.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2018Article
- Associations between blood BTEXS concentrations and hematologic parameters among adult residents of the U.S. Gulf States.Environmental research · 2017Article
- Petroleum contaminated water and health symptoms: a cross-sectional pilot study in a rural Nigerian community.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2015Article
- Risk of death for hematological malignancies for residents close to an Italian petrochemical refinery: a population-based case-control study.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2014Article
- Comparison of blood volatile organic compound levels in residents of Calcasieu and Lafayette Parishes, LA, with US reference ranges.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2014Article
- Trends of VOC exposures among a nationally representative sample: Analysis of the NHANES 1988 through 2004 data sets.Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994) · 2011Article
- Benzene exposure: an overview of monitoring methods and their findings.Chemico-biological interactions · 2010Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The relationships between levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in blood and air have not been well characterized in the general population where exposure concentrations are generally at parts per billion levels. This study investigates relationships between the levels of nine VOCs, namely, benzene, chloroform, 1,4-dichlorobenzene, ethylbenzene, methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), tetrachloroethene, toluene, and m-/p- and o-xylene, in blood and air from a stratified random sample of the general US population. We used data collected from 354 participants, including 89 smokers and 265 nonsmokers, aged 20-59 years, who provided samples of blood and air in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2000. Demographic and physiological characteristics were obtained from self-reported information; smoking status was determined from levels of serum cotinine. Multiple linear regression models were used to investigate the relationships between VOC levels in air and blood, while adjusting for effects of smoking and demographic factors. Although levels of VOCs in blood were positively correlated with the corresponding air levels, the strength of association (R(2)) varied from 0.02 (ethylbenzene) to 0.68 (1,4-DCB). Also the blood-air relationships of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and the xylenes (BTEX) were influenced by smoking, exposure-smoking interactions, and by gender, age, and BMI, whereas those of the other VOCs were not. Interestingly, the particular exposure-smoking interaction for benzene was different from those for toluene, ethylbenzene, and the xylenes. Whereas smokers retained more benzene in their blood at increasing exposure levels, they retained less toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes at increasing exposure levels. Investigators should consider interaction effects of exposure levels and smoking when exploring the blood-air relationships of the BTEX compounds in the general population.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.