ArticleAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy2008
In vitro interactions between tacrolimus and azoles against Candida albicans determined by different methods.
Article in Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers.
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Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 102 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Calcineurin Inhibitor as an Enhancer ofACS omega · 2026Article
- Non-antifungal medications administered during fungal infections drive drug tolerance and resistance inJournal of medical microbiology · 2025Article
- Understanding the mechanisms of resistance to azole antifungals inJAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2025Review
- Combinations of posaconazole and tacrolimus are effective against infections with azole-resistantFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Evaluation of the combined efficacy of inhibitors of heat shock protein 90 and calcineurin with commonly used antifungals againstCurrent medical mycology · 2025Article
- Calcineurin activity in Fonsecaea pedrosoi: tacrolimus and cyclosporine A inhibited conidia growth, filamentation and showed synergism with itraconazole.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2024Article
- Innovative unified impact of magnetite iron nanoparticles and quercetin on broiler chickens: performance, antioxidant and immune defense and controlling ofFrontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Tacrolimus (FK506) Exhibits Fungicidal Effects againstJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Synergy and Mechanism of Leflunomide Plus Fluconazole Against ResistantInfection and drug resistance · 2023Article
- Pacemaker-relatedBMJ case reports · 2021Article
- Drug repurposing strategies in the development of potential antifungal agents.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2021Review
- Combination Therapy to Treat Fungal Biofilm-Based Infections.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Insights into the Multi-Azole Resistance Profile inJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Prenylated phenolics as promising candidates for combination antibacterial therapy: Morusin and kuwanon G.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2020Article
- In Vitro Interaction between Isavuconazole and Tacrolimus, Cyclosporin A, or Sirolimus againstJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Review
- Characterization of the transcriptional response of Candida parapsilosis to the antifungal peptide MAF-1A.PeerJ · 2020Article
- Antifungal Activity of Thai Cajuput Oil and Its Effect on Efflux-Pump Gene Expression in Fluconazole-ResistantInternational journal of microbiology · 2020Article
- The efflux pump inhibitor tetrandrine exhibits synergism with fluconazole or voriconazole against Candida parapsilosis.Molecular biology reports · 2019Article
- In Vitro Interactions of Amphotericin B Combined with Non-antifungal Agents Against Rhodotorula mucilaginosa Strains.Mycopathologia · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Combination therapy could be of use for the treatment of fungal infections, especially those caused by drug-resistant fungi. However, the methods and approaches used for data generation and result interpretation need further optimizing. The fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) is the most commonly used method, but it has several drawbacks in characterizing antifungal drug interaction. Alternatively, some new methods can be used such as the DeltaE model (difference between the predicted and measured fungal growth percentages) and the response surface approach, which uses the concentration-effect relationship over the whole concentration range instead of just the MIC. In the present study, in vitro interactions between tacrolimus (FK506) and three azoles-fluconazole (FLC), itraconazole (ITR), and voriconazole (VRC)-against Candida albicans were evaluated by the checkerboard microdilution method and time-killing test. The intensity of the interactions was determined by visual reading and the spectrophotometric method in a checkerboard assay, and the nature of the interactions was assessed by nonparametric models of FICI and DeltaE. Colony counting and colorimetric viable detection methods (2,3-bis {2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-[(sulfenylamino) carbonyl]-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide} [XTT] reduction test) were used for evaluating the combination antifungal effects over time. Synergistic and indifferent effects were found for the combination of FK506 and azoles against azole-sensitive strains, while strong synergy was found against azole-resistant strains analyzed by FICI. The DeltaE model gave more consistent results with FICI. The positive interactions were also confirmed by the time-killing test. Our findings suggest a potential role for combination therapy with calcineurin pathway inhibitors and azoles to augment activity against resistant C. albicans.
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