ArticleBMC microbiology2007
Phylogenetic analysis of Shiga toxin 1 and Shiga toxin 2 genes associated with disease outbreaks.
Article in BMC microbiology, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed.
- Shiga Toxin Type 2 Aggravates G1/S Phase Cell Cycle Arrest, Mediating Caspase-Independent Cell Death under Hyperosmotic Conditions in the Kidney.Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2025Article
- Excess A-subunits of Shiga toxin 2a are produced in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Molecular Evolutionary Analyses ofMicroorganisms · 2024Article
- Chronic Diarrhea Due toPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Occurrence of Virulence Genes and Antimicrobial Resistance ofVeterinary medicine international · 2021Article
- Isolation of Shiga toxin-producingVeterinary world · 2018Article
- Multiplex real-time PCR assay for detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and screening for non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing E. coli.BMC microbiology · 2017Article
- Comparative genomic analysis of Shiga toxin-producing and non-Shiga toxin-producingGut pathogens · 2017Article
- Addition of lysophospholipids with large head groups to cells inhibits Shiga toxin binding.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- Whole-genome sequencing and comparative genomic analysis ofGut pathogens · 2016Article
- Distribution of Shiga toxin genes subtypes in B1 phylotypes of Escherichia coli isolated from calves suffering from diarrhea in Tehran suburb using DNA oligonucleotide arrays.Iranian journal of microbiology · 2015Article
- Characteristics of emerging human-pathogenic Escherichia coli O26:H11 strains isolated in France between 2010 and 2013 and carrying the stx2d gene only.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2015Article
- Genome sequences of the Shiga-like toxin-producing Escherichia coli NCCP15655 and NCCP15656.Gut pathogens · 2015Article
- Review
- Insight into Shiga toxin genes encoded by Escherichia coli O157 from whole genome sequencing.PeerJ · 2015Article
- Genome Sequence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Strain 2886-75, Associated with the First Reported Case of Human Infection in the United States.Genome announcements · 2014Article
- Multicenter evaluation of a sequence-based protocol for subtyping Shiga toxins and standardizing Stx nomenclature.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2012Article
- Social-economic factors and irrational antibiotic use as reasons for antibiotic resistance of bacteria causing common childhood infections in primary healthcare.European journal of pediatrics · 2012Review
- Article
- Shiga toxin subtypes display dramatic differences in potency.Infection and immunity · 2011Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundShiga toxins 1 and 2 (Stx1 and Stx2) are bacteriophage-encoded proteins that have been associated with hemorrhagic colitis, hemolytic uremic syndrome and other severe disease conditions. Stx1 and Stx2 are genetically and immunologically distinct but share the same compound toxin structure, method of entry and enzymatic function.
resultsPhylogenetic analysis was performed using Stx1 and Stx2 amino acid and nucleotide sequences from 41 strains of Escherichia coli, along with known stx sequences available from GenBank. The analysis confirmed the Stx1 and Stx2 divergence, and showed that there is generally more sequence variation among stx2 genes than stx1. The phylograms showed generally flat topologies among our strains' stx1 and stx2 genes. In the stx2 gene, 39.5% of the amino acid sites display very low nonsynonymous to synonymous substitution ratios.
conclusionThe stx1 and stx2 genes used in this phylogenetic study show sequence conservation with no significant divergence with respect to place or time. These data could indicate that Shiga toxins are experiencing purifying selection.
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