ArticleJournal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society2008
VGluT2 expression in painful Achilles and patellar tendinosis: evidence of local glutamate release by tenocytes.
Article in Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Is neurogenic inflammation involved in tendinopathy? A systematic review.BMJ open sport & exercise medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Neurotransmitter and neuropeptide regulation of mast cell function: a systematic review.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2020Pooled it
- Proteomics perspectives in rotator cuff research: a systematic review of gene expression and protein composition in human tendinopathy.PloS one · 2015Pooled it
- The peripheral neuronal phenotype is important in the pathogenesis of painful human tendinopathy: a systematic review.Clinical orthopaedics and related research · 2013Pooled it
- Review
- Tendinopathy: injury, repair, and current exploration.Drug design, development and therapy · 2018Review
- Review: Emerging concepts in the pathogenesis of tendinopathy.The surgeon : journal of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons of Edinburgh and Ireland · 2017Review
- Glutamate signaling through the NMDA receptor reduces the expression of scleraxis in plantaris tendon derived cells.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2017Article
- The pain of tendinopathy: physiological or pathophysiological?Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2014Review
- Expression of vesicular glutamate transporters VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 in the rat dental pulp and trigeminal ganglion following inflammation.PloS one · 2014Article
- Neuronal regulation of tendon homoeostasis.International journal of experimental pathology · 2013Review
- Bilateral increase in expression and concentration of tachykinin in a unilateral rabbit muscle overuse model that leads to myositis.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2013Article
- Marked Effects of Tachykinin in Myositis Both in the Experimental Side and Contralaterally: Studies on NK-1 Receptor Expressions in an Animal Model.ISRN inflammation · 2013Article
- Article
- Substance P is a mechanoresponsive, autocrine regulator of human tenocyte proliferation.PloS one · 2011Article
- Article
- Novel information on the non-neuronal cholinergic system in orthopedics provides new possible treatment strategies for inflammatory and degenerative diseases.Orthopedic reviews · 2009Article
- An Emerging Role for Angiogenesis in Tendinopathy.European musculoskeletal review · 2009Article
- Neuropeptides in tendinopathy.Frontiers in bioscience (Landmark edition) · 2009Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The pathogenesis of chronic tendinopathy is unclear. We have previously measured high intratendinous levels of glutamate in patients with tendinosis, suggesting potential roles of glutamate in the modulation of pain, vascular function, and degenerative changes including apoptosis of tenocytes. However, the origin of free glutamate found in tendon tissue is completely unknown. Surgical biopsies of pain-free normal tendons and tendinosis tendons (Achilles and patellar) were examined immunohistochemically using antibodies against vesicular glutamate transporters (VGluT1 and VGluT2), as indirect markers of glutamate release. In situ hybridization for VGluT2 mRNA was also conducted. Specific immunoreactions for VGluT2, but not VGluT1, could be consistently detected in tenocytes. However, there were interindividual variations in the levels of immunoreactivity. The level of immunoreaction for VGluT2 was higher in tendinosis tendons compared to normal tendons (p < 0.05). In situ hybridization of VGluT2 demonstrated that mRNA was localized in a similar pattern as the protein, with marked expression by certain tenocytes, particularly those showing abnormal appearances. Reactivity for VGluT1 and -2 was absent from nerves and vessel structures in both normal and painful tendons. The current data demonstrate that tenocytes may be involved in the regulation of extracellular glutamate levels in tendons. Specifically, the observations suggest that free glutamate may be locally produced and released by tenocytes, rather than by peripheral neurons. Excessive free glutamate is expected to impact a variety of autocrine and paracrine functions important in the development of tendinosis, including tenocyte proliferation and apoptosis, extracellular matrix metabolism, nociception, and blood flow.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.