ArticleBMC cancer2007
Lymphatic vessel density and function in experimental bladder cancer.
Article in BMC cancer, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
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- MicroRNA signature of inflamed lymphatic endothelium and role of miR-9 in lymphangiogenesis and inflammation.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2015Article
- Dual ligand/receptor interactions activate urothelial defenses against uropathogenic E. coli.Scientific reports · 2015Article
- Imaging aspects of the tumor stroma with therapeutic implications.Pharmacology & therapeutics · 2014Review
- Mouse lymphatic endothelial cell targeted probes: anti-LYVE-1 antibody-based magnetic nanoparticles.International journal of nanomedicine · 2013Article
- Autoimmunity to uroplakin II causes cystitis in mice: a novel model of interstitial cystitis.European urology · 2012Article
- Soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 suppresses lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis in bladder cancer.Molecular cancer · 2011Article
- siRNA-mediated knockdown of VEGF-A, VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 suppresses the growth and metastasis of mouse bladder carcinoma in vivo.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2010Article
- Visualizing vascular permeability and lymphatic drainage using labeled serum albumin.Angiogenesis · 2010Review
- Difference in abundance of blood and lymphatic capillaries in the murine epididymis.Medical molecular morphology · 2010Article
- VEGF receptors and neuropilins are expressed in the urothelial and neuronal cells in normal mouse urinary bladder and are upregulated in inflammation.American journal of physiology. Renal physiology · 2008Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 7 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe lymphatics form a second circulatory system that drains the extracellular fluid and proteins from the tumor microenvironment, and provides an exclusive environment in which immune cells interact and respond to foreign antigen. Both cancer and inflammation are known to induce lymphangiogenesis. However, little is known about bladder lymphatic vessels and their involvement in cancer formation and progression.
methodsA double transgenic mouse model was generated by crossing a bladder cancer-induced transgenic, in which SV40 large T antigen was under the control of uroplakin II promoter, with another transgenic mouse harboring a lacZ reporter gene under the control of an NF-kappaB-responsive promoter (kappaB-lacZ) exhibiting constitutive activity of beta-galactosidase in lymphatic endothelial cells. In this new mouse model (SV40-lacZ), we examined the lymphatic vessel density (LVD) and function (LVF) during bladder cancer progression. LVD was performed in bladder whole mounts and cross-sections by fluorescent immunohistochemistry (IHC) using LYVE-1 antibody. LVF was assessed by real-time in vivo imaging techniques using a contrast agent (biotin-BSA-Gd-DTPA-Cy5.5; Gd-Cy5.5) suitable for both magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and near infrared fluorescence (NIRF). In addition, IHC of Cy5.5 was used for time-course analysis of co-localization of Gd-Cy5.5 with LYVE-1-positive lymphatics and CD31-positive blood vessels.
resultsSV40-lacZ mice develop bladder cancer and permitted visualization of lymphatics. A significant increase in LVD was found concomitantly with bladder cancer progression. Double labeling of the bladder cross-sections with LYVE-1 and Ki-67 antibodies indicated cancer-induced lymphangiogenesis. MRI detected mouse bladder cancer, as early as 4 months, and permitted to follow tumor sizes during cancer progression. Using Gd-Cy5.5 as a contrast agent for MRI-guided lymphangiography, we determined a possible reduction of lymphatic flow within the tumoral area. In addition, NIRF studies of Gd-Cy5.5 confirmed its temporal distribution between CD31-positive blood vessels and LYVE-1 positive lymphatic vessels.
conclusionSV40-lacZ mice permit the visualization of lymphatics during bladder cancer progression. Gd-Cy5.5, as a double contrast agent for NIRF and MRI, permits to quantify delivery, transport rates, and volumes of macromolecular fluid flow through the interstitial-lymphatic continuum. Our results open the path for the study of lymphatic activity in vivo and in real time, and support the role of lymphangiogenesis during bladder cancer progression.
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