ReviewJournal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology2006
Drugs of abuse, immune modulation, and AIDS.
Review in Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
68 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 125 citations in OpenAlex.
- A neuroprotective target in the shadows: a scoping review of pharmacological gaps in σ1R agonists for glutamate-induced neurotoxicity.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Recent stimulant use and leukocyte gene expression in methamphetamine users with treated HIV infection.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2018Trial
- Factors Associated With Viral Suppression Among People Living With HIV (PLWH) in Kermanshah, Iran: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Association Between Substance Use and Periodontitis: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of NHANES Data on Marijuana, Hashish, and Cocaine.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dentistry · 2025Article
- Peripheral inflammation as a potential mechanism and preventive strategy for perioperative neurocognitive disorder under general anesthesia and surgery.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2024Review
- Crack cocaine use frequency is associated with HIV disease severity independent of antiretroviral therapy exposure: a prospective cohort study.AIDS and behavior · 2022Article
- Oral Enrichment of Streptococcus and its Role in Systemic Inflammation Related to Monocyte Activation in Humans with Cocaine Use Disorder.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2022Article
- Thymic involution caused by repeated cocaine administration includes apoptotic cell loss followed by ectopic adipogenesis.PloS one · 2022Article
- Contribution of TSPO imaging in the understanding of the state of gliosis in substance use disorders.European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2021Review
- Epidemiological risk factors associated with primary infection by Epstein-Barr virus in HIV-1-positive subjects in the Brazilian Amazon region.Scientific reports · 2021Observational
- Sex Differences, Cocaine Use, and Liver Fibrosis Among African Americans in the Miami Adult Studies on HIV Cohort.Journal of women's health (2002) · 2020Article
- Longitudinal patterns of illicit drug use, antiretroviral therapy exposure and plasma HIV-1 RNA viral load among HIV-positive people who use illicit drugs.AIDS (London, England) · 2020Article
- How the evolving epidemics of opioid misuse and HIV infection may be changing the risk of oral sexually transmitted infection risk through microbiome modulation.Critical reviews in microbiology · 2020Review
- Receipt of opioid agonist treatment halves the risk of HIV-1 RNA viral load rebound through improved ART adherence for HIV-infected women who use illicit drugs.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2020Article
- OUTCOMES OF PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV IN TWO PUBLIC-SECTOR PSYCHIATRIC FACILITIES IN THE EASTERN CAPE USING EFAVIRENZ-CONTAINING REGIMENS.African journal of infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Article
- The Longitudinal Effects of Non-injection Substance Use on Sustained HIV Viral Load Undetectability Among MSM and Heterosexual Men in Brazil and Thailand: The Role of ART Adherence and Depressive Symptoms (HPTN 063).AIDS and behavior · 2019Observational
- Substance use patterns and HIV-1 RNA viral load rebound among HIV-positive illicit drug users in a Canadian setting.Antiviral therapy · 2019Article
- Minority stress and leukocyte gene expression in sexual minority men living with treated HIV infection.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2018Article
- Article
8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Illicit drugs such as amphetamines, cocaine, marijuana, and opiates alter immune function and decrease host resistance to microbes in vitro and in experimental animal models. Effects on the immune system may be mediated indirectly as a result of drug interactions in the central nervous system (CNS) or directly through activation of cognate receptors on various immune cell types. For marijuana and opioids, seven-transmembranal G protein-coupled receptors have been identified in the CNS and in the immune system that may play a functionally relevant role in immune modulation. There is accumulating evidence that sigma(1) receptors play a comparable role in cocaine-mediated alteration of immune responses. A mode by which these exogenously introduced substances affects immunity and host resistance may be by perturbing the balance of Th(1) proinflammatory versus Th(2) anti-inflammatory cytokines and lipid bioeffectors. However, while illicit drugs have been documented to alter immune functions in vitro and in animal models, there is a paucity of controlled longitudinal epidemiological studies that definitively correlate immunosuppressive effects with increased incidence of infections or immune disorders in humans, including infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or disease progression to AIDS.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.