Acetylcholine receptor gating: movement in the alpha-subunit extracellular domain.

Acetylcholine receptor channel gating is a brownian conformational cascade in which nanometer-sized domains ("Phi blocks") move in staggering sequence to link an affinity change at the transmitter binding sites with a conductance change in the pore. In the alpha-subunit, the first Phi-block to move during channel opening is comprised of residues near the transmitter binding site and the second is comprised of residues near the base of the extracellular domain. We used the rate constants estimated from single-channel currents to infer the gating dynamics of Y127 and K145, in the inner and outer sheet of the beta-core of the alpha-subunit. Y127 is at the boundary between the first and second Phi blocks, at a subunit interface. alphaY127 mutations cause large changes in the gating equilibrium constant and with a characteristic Phi-value (Phi = 0.77) that places this residue in the second Phi-block. We also examined the effect on gating of mutations in neighboring residues deltaI43 (Phi = 0.86), epsilonN39 (complex kinetics), alphaI49 (no effect) and in residues that are homologous to alphaY127 on the epsilon, beta, and delta subunits (no effect). The extent to which alphaY127 gating motions are coupled to its neighbors was estimated by measuring the kinetic and equilibrium constants of constructs having mutations in alphaY127 (in both alpha subunits) plus residues alphaD97 or deltaI43. The magnitude of the coupling between alphaD97 and alphaY127 depended on the alphaY127 side chain and was small for both H (0.53 kcal/mol) and C (-0.37 kcal/mol) substitutions. The coupling across the single alpha-delta subunit boundary was larger (0.84 kcal/mol). The Phi-value for K145 (0.96) indicates that its gating motion is correlated temporally with the motions of residues in the first Phi-block and is not synchronous with those of alphaY127. This suggests that the inner and outer sheets of the alpha-subunit beta-core do not rotate as a rigid body.