ArticleJournal of clinical microbiology2008
Comparison of seven techniques for typing international epidemic strains of Clostridium difficile: restriction endonuclease analysis, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, PCR-ribotyping, multilocus sequence typing, multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis, amplified fragment length polymorphism, and surface layer protein A gene sequence typing.
Article in Journal of clinical microbiology, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 135 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
135 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 338 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Utilizing rapid multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis typing to aid control of hospital-acquired Clostridium difficile Infection: a multicenter study.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2012Trial
- Fidaxomicin for Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea: epidemiological method for estimation of warranted price.Clinical drug investigation · 2012Trial
- Relapse versus reinfection: recurrent Clostridium difficile infection following treatment with fidaxomicin or vancomycin.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2012Trial
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- Diagnostic Guidance for C. difficile Infections.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024Article
- Core genome multilocus sequence typing of Clostridioides difficile to investigate transmission in the hospital setting.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2023Article
- Clostridioides difficile infection in thoroughbred horses in Japan from 2010 to 2021.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Population genetic diversity and dynamics of the honey bee brood pathogen Melissococcus plutonius in a region with high prevalence.Journal of invertebrate pathology · 2023Article
- Genetic Relatedness of 5-Year Isolates ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Clostridioides difficile phage biology and application.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2021Review
- Temporal Variations in Patterns ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Simultaneous detection and ribotyping of Clostridioides difficile, and toxin gene detection directly on fecal samples.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2021Article
- Origin, genomic diversity and microevolution of theMicrobial genomics · 2020Article
75 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 8 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Using 42 isolates contributed by laboratories in Canada, The Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and the United States, we compared the results of analyses done with seven Clostridium difficile typing techniques: multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA), amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), surface layer protein A gene sequence typing (slpAST), PCR-ribotyping, restriction endonuclease analysis (REA), multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). We assessed the discriminating ability and typeability of each technique as well as the agreement among techniques in grouping isolates by allele profile A (AP-A) through AP-F, which are defined by toxinotype, the presence of the binary toxin gene, and deletion in the tcdC gene. We found that all isolates were typeable by all techniques and that discrimination index scores for the techniques tested ranged from 0.964 to 0.631 in the following order: MLVA, REA, PFGE, slpAST, PCR-ribotyping, MLST, and AFLP. All the techniques were able to distinguish the current epidemic strain of C. difficile (BI/027/NAP1) from other strains. All of the techniques showed multiple types for AP-A (toxinotype 0, binary toxin negative, and no tcdC gene deletion). REA, slpAST, MLST, and PCR-ribotyping all included AP-B (toxinotype III, binary toxin positive, and an 18-bp deletion in tcdC) in a single group that excluded other APs. PFGE, AFLP, and MLVA grouped two, one, and two different non-AP-B isolates, respectively, with their AP-B isolates. All techniques appear to be capable of detecting outbreak strains, but only REA and MLVA showed sufficient discrimination to distinguish strains from different outbreaks.
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