ArticleJournal of molecular biology2008
Restriction endonuclease inhibitor IPI* of bacteriophage T4: a novel structure for a dedicated target.
Article in Journal of molecular biology, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers.
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Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed.
- DNA modifications of Durham Collection phages and promiscuity of GmrSD-family Type IV restriction enzyme BrxU.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- Optimizing methods for virome analysis based on studies of a synthetic viral community.mSystems · 2026Article
- Biosynthesis of glycosylated 5-hydroxycytosine in the DNA of diverse viruses.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- A 5-hydroxymethylcytosine DNA glycosylase provides defense against T-even bacteriophages.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Biology of host-dependent restriction-modification in prokaryotes.EcoSal Plus · 2025Review
- The complex developmental mechanisms of nucleus-forming jumbo phages.Current opinion in microbiology · 2025Review
- Optimizing methods for virome analysis based on studies of a synthetic viral community.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Modified DNA substrate selectivity by GmrSD-family Type IV restriction enzyme BrxU.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025Article
- A conserved phage phosphoesterase enables evasion of bacterial antiviral immunity.EMBO reports · 2025Article
- Dual Nature of Bacteriophages: Friends or Foes in Minimally Processed Food Products-A Comprehensive Review.Viruses · 2025Review
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- Bacteriophage protein Dap1 regulates evasion of antiphage immunity and Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence impacting phage therapy in mice.Nature microbiology · 2024Article
- Inhibitors of bacterial immune systems: discovery, mechanisms and applications.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2024Review
- Review
- Bacteriophage strategies for overcoming host antiviral immunity.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Review
- Evolutionary Dynamics between Phages and Bacteria as a Possible Approach for Designing Effective Phage Therapies against Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Review
- Hypermodified DNA in Viruses of E. coli and Salmonella.EcoSal Plus · 2021Review
- Intravirion DNA Can Access the Space Occupied by the Bacteriophage P22 Ejection Proteins.Viruses · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Phage T4 protects its DNA from the two-gene-encoded gmrS/gmrD (glucose-modified hydroxymethylcytosine restriction endonuclease) CT of pathogenic Escherichia coli, CT596, by injecting several hundred copies of the 76-amino-acid-residue nuclease inhibitor, IPI*, into the infected host. Here, the three-dimensional solution structure of mature IPI* is reported as determined by nuclear magnetic resonance techniques using 1290 experimental nuclear Overhauser effect and dipolar coupling constraints ( approximately 17 constraints per residue). Close examination of this oblate-shaped protein structure reveals a novel fold consisting of two small beta-sheets (beta1: B1 and B2; beta2: B3-B5) flanked at the N- and C-termini by alpha-helices (H1 and H2). Such a fold is very compact in shape and allows ejection of IPI* through the narrow 30-A portal and tail tube apertures of the virion without unfolding. Structural and dynamic measurements identify an exposed hydrophobic knob that is a putative gmrS/gmrD-binding site. A single gene from the uropathogenic E. coli UT189, which codes for a gmrS/gmrD-like UT fusion enzyme (with approximately 90% identity to the heterodimeric CT enzyme), has evolved IPI* inhibitor immunity. Analysis of the gmrS/gmrD restriction endonuclease enzyme family and its IPI* family phage antagonists reveals an evolutionary pathway that has elaborated a surprisingly diverse and specifically fitted set of coevolving attack and defense structures.
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