ArticleThe Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience2007
Toll-like receptor 3 is a potent negative regulator of axonal growth in mammals.
Article in The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 114 papers.
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Who cites it
114 citing papers in PubMed, 232 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immune signaling and function in neurodegeneration.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Review
- Byakangelicol Alleviates Ischemic Brain Injury by Inhibiting Microglial Activation and Oxidative Stress.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- Antiviral responses in peripheral and brain neurons.Current opinion in immunology · 2025Review
- Mechanisms and Clinical Significance of Endosomal Toll-Like Receptors in Neurological Diseases.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- A co-culture system to study the effects of Poly I:C-activated microglia on the differentiation of murine primary neural stem cells.In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal · 2025Article
- The mechanisms of Zika virus-induced neuropathogenesis.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2024Review
- Nucleic acid sensing in the central nervous system: Implications for neural circuit development, function, and degeneration.Immunological reviews · 2024Review
- Expression of MHC II in DRG neurons attenuates paclitaxel-induced cold hypersensitivity in male and female mice.PloS one · 2024Article
- Toll-like receptors as a missing link in Notch signaling cascade during neurodevelopment.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2024Article
- Role of alarmins in poststroke inflammation and neuronal repair.Seminars in immunopathology · 2023Review
- Unique Features of the Immune Response in BTBR Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Anti-pruritic effect of isothiocyanates: Potential involvement of toll-like receptor 3 signaling.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2022Review
- Host immune responses in the central nervous system during fungal infections.Immunological reviews · 2022Review
- The Toll-like receptor 7 agonist imiquimod increases ethanol self-administration and induces expression of Toll-like receptor related genes.Addiction biology · 2022Article
- Precision Exercise Medicine: Sex Specific Differences in Immune and CNS Responses to Physical Activity.Brain plasticity (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2022Review
- MicroRNA-100-5p and microRNA-298-5p released from apoptotic cortical neurons are endogenous Toll-like receptor 7/8 ligands that contribute to neurodegeneration.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2021Article
- TLR-Mediated Signal Transduction and Neurodegenerative Disorders.Brain sciences · 2021Review
- Toll receptors remodel epithelia by directing planar-polarized Src and PI3K activity.Developmental cell · 2021Article
- The immune-inflammatory response of oligodendrocytes in a murine model of preterm white matter injury: the role of TLR3 activation.Cell death & disease · 2021Article
- UNC93B1 Is Widely Expressed in the Murine CNS and Is Required for Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Injury Induced by MicroRNAFrontiers in immunology · 2021Article
54 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Toll is a cell surface receptor with well described roles in the developmental patterning of invertebrates and innate immunity in adult Drosophila. Mammalian toll-like receptors represent a family of Toll orthologs that function in innate immunity by recognizing molecular motifs unique to pathogens or injured tissue. One member in this family of pattern recognition receptors, toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), recognizes viral double-stranded RNA and host mRNA. We examined the expression and function of TLRs in the nervous system and found that TLR3 is expressed in the mouse central and peripheral nervous systems and is concentrated in the growth cones of neurons. Activation of TLR3 by the synthetic ligand polyinosine:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) or by mRNA rapidly causes growth cone collapse and irreversibly inhibits neurite extension independent of nuclear factor kappaB. Mice lacking functional TLR3 were resistant to the neurodegenerative effects of poly I:C. Neonatal mice injected with poly I:C were found to have fewer axons exiting dorsal root ganglia and displayed related sensorimotor deficits. No effect of poly I:C was observed in mice lacking functional TLR3. Together, these findings provide evidence that an innate immune pattern recognition receptor functions autonomously in neurons to regulate axonal growth and advances a novel hypothesis that this class of receptors may contribute to injury and limited CNS regeneration.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.