ArticleJournal of virology2008
Induction of heterosubtypic immunity to influenza virus by intranasal immunization.
Article in Journal of virology, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 107 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
107 citing papers in PubMed, 148 citations in OpenAlex.
- Anti-influenza serum and mucosal antibody responses after administration of live attenuated or inactivated influenza vaccines to HIV-infected children.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2010Trial
- Boosting the immune response and protective efficacy of inactivated PRV vaccine using cGAMP as a mucosal adjuvant.BMC veterinary research · 2026Article
- Immunopotentiation by Natural Extracts: Mechanisms and Applications in Influenza Vaccine Adjuvant Development.Food science & nutrition · 2026Review
- Nanotechnology in COVID-19 prevention, diagnosis, and treatment: a comprehensive review.Discover nano · 2025Review
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- Aspects of Nanotechnology for COVID-19 Vaccine Development and Its Delivery Applications.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Synthesis and Characterization of Innovative Microgels Based on Polyacrylic Acid and Microalgae Cell Wall and Their Potential as Antigen Delivery Vehicles.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- Respiratory Vaccination with Hemagglutinin Nanoliposomes Protects Mice from Homologous and Heterologous Strains of Influenza Virus.Journal of virology · 2022Article
- Impact of hemagglutination activity and M2e immunity on conferring protection against influenza viruses.Virology · 2022Article
- The STING Ligand and Delivery System Synergistically Enhance the Immunogenicity of an Intranasal Spike SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Candidate.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- Protective immunity induced by oral vaccination with a recombinant Lactococcus lactis vaccine against H5Nx in chickens.BMC veterinary research · 2022Article
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- Nanotechnology Integration for SARS-CoV-2 Diagnosis and Treatment: An Approach to Preventing Pandemic.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Review
- Application of Nanotechnology in the COVID-19 Pandemic.International journal of nanomedicine · 2021Review
- Vaccines based on virus-like nano-particles for use against Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) coronavirus.Vaccine · 2020Review
- C-di-GMP with influenza vaccine showed enhanced and shifted immune responses in microneedle vaccination in the skin.Drug delivery and translational research · 2020Article
- Article
- Neuraminidase expressing virus-like particle vaccine provides effective cross protection against influenza virus.Virology · 2019Article
- Article
47 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Recovery from live influenza virus infection is known to induce heterosubtypic immunity. In contrast, immunity induced by inactivated vaccines is predominantly subtype specific. In this study, we investigated the heterosubtypic protective immunity induced by inactivated influenza virus. Intranasal immunization of mice with inactivated influenza virus A/PR8 (H1N1) provided complete protection against the homologous virus and a drift virus within the same subtype, A/WSN (H1N1), but not against the heterosubtypic virus A/Philippines (H3N2). However, coadministration of inactivated virus with cholera toxin as an adjuvant conferred complete heterosubtypic protection, without observed illness, even under conditions of CD4(+) or CD8(+) T-cell depletion. Analysis of immune correlates prior to challenge and postchallenge indicated that humoral immune responses with cross-neutralizing activity in lungs and in sera play a major role in conferring protective immunity against heterosubtypic challenge. This study has significant implications for developing broadly cross-reactive vaccines against newly emerging pathogenic influenza viruses.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.