ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2008
Increased toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4 expression in monocytes from patients with type 1 diabetes: further evidence of a proinflammatory state.
Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 184 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
184 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 370 citations in OpenAlex.
- Intensive glucose lowering and cardiovascular disease prevention in diabetes: reconciling the recent clinical trial data.Circulation · 2010Pooled it
- Beneficial Effect of Cuban Policosanol on Blood Pressure and Serum Lipoproteins Accompanied with Lowered Glycated Hemoglobin and Enhanced High-Density Lipoprotein Functionalities in a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, and Double-Blinded Trial with Healthy Japanese.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Trial
- Immune cell signature in non-ischemic heart failure indicates chronic systemic immune activation with features of immunosenescence.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2026Article
- 6-Gingerol alleviates high glucose-induced inflammation and cytotoxicity in THP-1 cells by inhibiting TLR4 signaling.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Contribution of monocyte subpopulations to the pathogenesis and therapy outcome of type 1 diabetes management in pediatric patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Linking inflammation, metabolic dysfunction, and neurodegeneration: a comprehensive review of TLR2 pathways in type 2 diabetes.Frontiers in clinical diabetes and healthcare · 2026Review
- Elevated Markers of Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction and TLR2 Ligands in Individuals with Type 1 Diabetes.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2026Article
- Lnk/Sh2b3 regulates initiation and severity of autoimmune insulitis and contributes to diabetes risk.Life science alliance · 2025Article
- TLR4 deletion reduces small fiber sensory abnormalities and nerve degeneration in diabetic male mice.Neuroscience · 2025Article
- Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) does not affect whole blood responses to alginate-based microspheres despite plasma lipid and glucose differences.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Toll Like Receptors Promote High Glucose-Induced Vascular Endothelial Cell Dysfunction by Regulating Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Formation.Inflammation · 2025Article
- The advantages ofFuture microbiology · 2025Review
- Crumbling Pathogenesis and Biomarkers for Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Drugless peptide-based nanohybrids alleviate diabetic retinopathy by suppressing microglial activation and endothelial inflammation.Theranostics · 2025Article
- Sigma-1 Receptor as a Novel Therapeutic Target in Diabetic Kidney Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1): Molecular Signaling and Potential Therapeutic Strategies.Cells · 2024Review
- Ex Vivo Immune Function and Modulatory Effects of Calcitriol in Dogs with Naturally Occurring Diabetes Mellitus.Veterinary sciences · 2024Article
- Article
- Evaluation of serum vitamin D metabolites, phagocytosis, and biomarkers of inflammation in dogs with naturally occurring diabetes mellitus.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- The role of innate immunity in diabetic nephropathy and their therapeutic consequences.Journal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2024Review
124 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
contextType 1 diabetes (T1DM) is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality. It is a pro-inflammatory state as evidenced by increased circulating biomarkers and monocyte activity. The toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors, expressed abundantly on monocytes. TLR2 and TLR4 are important in atherosclerosis. However, there is a paucity of data examining TLR2 and TLR4 expression in T1DM and examining its contribution to the proinflammatory state.
objectiveThus, we examined TLR2 and TLR4 expression in monocytes from T1DM patients compared with controls (n = 31 per group).
settingThe study was performed at the University of California Davis Medical Center. PATIENTS: Healthy controls (n = 31) and T1DM patients (n = 31) were included in the study.
resultsTLR2 and TLR4 surface expression and mRNA were significantly increased in T1DM monocytes compared with controls. Downstream targets of TLR, nuclear factor kappaB, myeloid differentiation factor 88, Trif, and phosphorylated IL-1 receptor-associated kinase were significantly up-regulated in T1DM. Finally, the release of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha was significantly increased in monocytes from T1DM compared with controls and correlated with TLR2 and TLR4 expression (P < 0.005). In addition, TLR2 and TLR4 expression was significantly correlated to glycosylated hemoglobin, carboxymethyllysine, and nuclear factor kappaB (P < 0.02).
conclusionThus, we make the novel observation that TLR2 and TLR4 expression and signaling are increased in T1DM and contribute to the proinflammatory state.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.