ArticleJournal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition2007
Performance enhancement with supplements: incongruence between rationale and practice.
Article in Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 91 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of dietary supplements on sports performance outcomes: a systematic review of evidence in elite athletes.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence of Dietary Supplement Use by Athletes: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2016Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence of dietary supplement use by military personnel.BMC complementary and alternative medicine · 2014Pooled it
- Effects of placebo on bench throw performance of Paralympic weightlifting athletes: a pilot study.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2019Trial
- Vitamin C and E supplementation hampers cellular adaptation to endurance training in humans: a double-blind, randomised, controlled trial.The Journal of physiology · 2014Trial
- Whey protein ingestion activates mTOR-dependent signalling after resistance exercise in young men: a double-blinded randomized controlled trial.Nutrients · 2009Trial
- Psychosocial correlates of performance-enhancing substance use intentions and prevention needs among recreational gym users: a theory-informed mixed-methods study.BMC psychology · 2026Article
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- Trends in dietary supplement use among athletes selected for doping controls.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- Dietary Supplements as a Major Cause of Anti-doping Rule Violations.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2022Article
- Creatine Supplementation in Children and Adolescents.Nutrients · 2021Review
- The Role of Vitamin C in Two Distinct Physiological States: Physical Activity and Sleep.Nutrients · 2020Review
- How to foster informed decision making about food supplements: results from an international Delphi study.Health education research · 2019Article
- Common Habits, Adverse Events, and Opinions Regarding Pre-Workout Supplement Use Among Regular Consumers.Nutrients · 2019Article
- Sport Nutrigenomics: Personalized Nutrition for Athletic Performance.Frontiers in nutrition · 2019Review
- Achieving Optimal Post-Exercise Muscle Protein Remodeling in Physically Active Adults through Whole Food Consumption.Nutrients · 2018Review
- Safe use of chemicals by professional users and health care specialists.Biomedical reports · 2018Article
- The Effectiveness of a New School-Based Media Literacy Intervention on Adolescents' Doping Attitudes and Supplements Use.Frontiers in psychology · 2017Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAthletes are expected to consider multiple factors when making informed decision about nutritional supplement use. Besides rules, regulations and potential health hazards, the efficacy of different nutritional supplements in performance enhancement is a key issue. The aim of this paper was to find evidence for informed decision making by investigating the relationship between specific performance-related reasons for supplement use and the reported use of nutritional supplements.
methodsThe 'UK Sport 2005 Drug Free Survey' data (n = 874) were re-analysed using association [chi2] and 'strength of association' tests [varphi] to show the proportion of informed choices and to unveil incongruencies between self-reported supplement use and the underlying motives.
resultsParticipants (n = 520) reported supplement use in the pattern of: vitamin C (70.4%), creatine (36.1%), whey protein (30.6%), iron (29.8%), caffeine (23.8%), and ginseng (8.3%) for the following reasons: strength maintenance (38.1%), doctors' advice (24.2%), enhancing endurance (20.0%), ability to train longer (13.3%), and provided by the governing body (3.8%). Of thirty possible associations between the above supplements and reasons, 11 were predictable from literature precedents and only 8 were evidenced and these were not strong (varphi < .7). The best associations were for the ability to train longer with creatine (reported by 73.9%, chi2 = 49.14, p < .001; varphi = .307, p < .001), and maintaining strength with creatine (reported by 62.6%, chi2 = 97.08, p < .001; varphi = .432, p < .001) and whey protein (reported by 56.1%, chi2 = 97.82, p < .001; varphi = .434, p < .001).
conclusionThis study provided a platform for assessing congruence between athletes' reasons for supplement use and their actual use. These results suggest that a lack of understanding exists in supplement use. There is an urgent need to provide accurate information which will help athletes make informed choices about the use of supplements.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.