ArticleMalaria journal2007
Cerebrospinal fluid and serum biomarkers of cerebral malaria mortality in Ghanaian children.
Article in Malaria journal, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 136 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
136 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 236 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between interleukin-2 cytokine levels and Plasmodium infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of MIP-1α and MIP-1β Chemokines in Malaria in Relation to Disease Severity.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Pooled it
- A systematic review of circulating IP-10/CXCL10 in patients with Plasmodium infections in relation to disease severity.Scientific reports · 2024Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of blood level of MCP-1/CCL-2 in severe and uncomplicated malaria.Scientific reports · 2024Pooled it
- Association between RANTES/CCL5 levels with Plasmodium infections and malaria severity: a systematic review.Malaria journal · 2024Pooled it
- Interleukin-5 levels in relation to malaria severity: a systematic review.Malaria journal · 2023Pooled it
- Elevation of serum interleukin-1β levels as a potential indicator for malarial infection and severe malaria: a meta-analysis.Malaria journal · 2022Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of blood interleukin-4 levels concerning malaria infection and severity.Malaria journal · 2022Pooled it
- CD8+ T cells target cerebrovasculature in children with cerebral malaria.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2020Trial
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- Malaria-induced NLRP12/NLRP3-dependent caspase-1 activation mediates inflammation and hypersensitivity to bacterial superinfection.PLoS pathogens · 2014Trial
- CCL5 and CD11b-fibrin interactions regulate microglia migration and morphology in hyperinflammatory experimental cerebral malaria.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Temporal multi-tissue profiling reveals metabolites linked to immune response and malaria parasitemia control.iScience · 2026Article
- Neurovascular Pathophysiology and Emerging Biomarkers in Cerebral Malaria: An Integrative Perspective.Neurology international · 2025Review
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- Elevated Levels of PDGF-BB and VEGF Are Associated With a Decreased Risk of Readmission or Death in Children With Severe Malarial Anemia.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- CXCL10CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2025Article
- Host biomarkers and parasite biomass are associated with severe malaria in Mozambican children: a case-control study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Interferon-Stimulated Genes and Immune Metabolites as Broad-Spectrum Biomarkers for Viral Infections.Viruses · 2025Review
- Cytoadhesion of Plasmodium falciparum-Infected Red Blood Cells Changes the Expression of Cytokine-, Histone- and Antiviral Protein-Encoding Genes in Brain Endothelial Cells.Molecular microbiology · 2024Article
76 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPlasmodium falciparum can cause a diffuse encephalopathy known as cerebral malaria (CM), a major contributor to malaria associated mortality. Despite treatment, mortality due to CM can be as high as 30% while 10% of survivors of the disease may experience short- and long-term neurological complications. The pathogenesis of CM and other forms of severe malaria is multi-factorial and appear to involve cytokine and chemokine homeostasis, inflammation and vascular injury/repair. Identification of prognostic markers that can predict CM severity will enable development of better intervention.
methodsPostmortem serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were obtained within 2-4 hours of death in Ghanaian children dying of CM, severe malarial anemia (SMA), and non-malarial (NM) causes. Serum and CSF levels of 36 different biomarkers (IL-1beta, IL-1ra, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12 (p70), IL-13, IL-15, IL-17, Eotaxin, FGF basic protein, CRP, G-CSF, GM-CSF, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IP-10, MCP-1 (MCAF), MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta, RANTES, SDF-1alpha, CXCL11 (I-TAC), Fas-ligand [Fas-L], soluble Fas [sFas], sTNF-R1 (p55), sTNF-R2 (p75), MMP-9, TGF-beta1, PDGF bb and VEGF) were measured and the results compared between the 3 groups.
resultsAfter Bonferroni adjustment for other biomarkers, IP-10 was the only serum biomarker independently associated with CM mortality when compared to SMA and NM deaths. Eight CSF biomarkers (IL-1ra, IL-8, IP-10, PDGFbb, MIP-1beta, Fas-L, sTNF-R1, and sTNF-R2) were significantly elevated in CM mortality group when compared to SMA and NM deaths. Additionally, CSF IP-10/PDGFbb median ratio was statistically significantly higher in the CM group compared to SMA and NM groups.
conclusionThe parasite-induced local cerebral dysregulation in the production of IP-10, 1L-8, MIP-1beta, PDGFbb, IL-1ra, Fas-L, sTNF-R1, and sTNF-R2 may be involved in CM neuropathology, and their immunoassay may have potential utility in predicting mortality in CM.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.