ReviewImmunology2007
The impact of successive infections on the lung microenvironment.
Review in Immunology, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed.
- A Case of AIDS Diagnosed in the Intensive Care Unit with Concurrent Influenza Infection andCase reports in medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Alveolar macrophages in pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: origin, function, and therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Variations in the respiratory microbiota amongst asthmatic and non-asthmatic subjects in Jordan.Saudi journal of biological sciences · 2022Article
- Role of transforming growth factor-beta 1 and connective tissue growth factor levels in coronavirus disease-2019-related lung Injury: a prospective, observational, cohort study.Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical · 2022Observational
- Immune defenses of the mammary gland epithelium of dairy ruminants.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Streptococcus pneumoniae binds to host GAPDH on dying lung epithelial cells worsening secondary infection following influenza.Cell reports · 2021Article
- Regulatory B cells in respiratory health and diseases.Immunological reviews · 2021Review
- Mucosal-Pull Induction of Lung-Resident Memory CD8 T Cells in Parenteral TB Vaccine-Primed Hosts Requires Cognate Antigens and CD4 T Cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Article
- Stroma: the forgotten cells of innate immune memory.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2018Review
- Immune Ecosystem of Virus-Infected Host Tissues.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Review
- Surviving Deadly Lung Infections: Innate Host Tolerance Mechanisms in the Pulmonary System.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- Article
- Colonization with Helicobacter is concomitant with modified gut microbiota and drastic failure of the immune control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Mucosal immunology · 2017Article
- Antecedent Nippostrongylus infection alters the lung immune response to Plasmodium berghei.Parasite immunology · 2017Article
- Postviral Complications: Bacterial Pneumonia.Clinics in chest medicine · 2017Review
- Vascular Dysfunction in Pneumocystis-Associated Pulmonary Hypertension Is Related to Endothelin Response and Adrenomedullin Concentration.The American journal of pathology · 2016Article
- Protective phenotypes of club cells and alveolar macrophages are favored as part of endotoxin-mediated prevention of asthma.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2015Article
- Eosinophil-associated ribonuclease 11 is a macrophage chemoattractant.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2015Article
- The Unspecific Side of Acquired Immunity Against Infectious Disease: Causes and Consequences.Frontiers in microbiology · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The effect of infection history on the immune response is ignored in most models of infectious disease and in preclinical vaccination studies. No one, however, is naive and repeated microbial exposure, in particular during childhood, shapes the immune system to respond more efficiently later in life. Concurrent or sequential infections influence the immune response to secondary unrelated pathogens. The involvement of cross-reactive acquired immunity, in particular T-cell responses, is extensively documented. In this review, we discuss the impact of successive infections on the infected tissue itself, with a particular focus on the innate response of the respiratory tract, including a persistent alteration of (1) epithelial or macrophage expression of Toll-like receptors or adherence molecules used by subsequent bacteria to invade the host, (2) the responsiveness of macrophages and neutrophils and (3) the local cytokine milieu that affects the activation of local antigen-presenting cells and hence adaptive immunity to the next infection. We emphasize that such alterations not only occur during coinfection, but are maintained long after the initial pathogen is cleared. As innate responses are crucial to the fight against local pathogens but are also involved in the maintenance of the homeostasis of mucosal tissues, dysregulation of these responses by repeated infections is likely to have a major impact on the outcome of infectious or allergic disease.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.